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SAIN Invasive Plant Pests Resource Collection for Trifolium arvense
Common name: Hop clover
| Title: Die Ackerwildkraut-Gesellschaften extensiv bewirtschafteter Felder in der Kleinen Ungarischen Tiefebene. Weed communities on extensive fields in the Lesser Plain of North-western Hungary. |
| Author: Pinke-Gyula. |
| Source: Tuexenia-. (20): 335-364. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 2000 |
| Abstract: This paper describes the weed communities of the moderately continental Lesser Hungarian Plain, based on 500 releves. The following units have been distinguished: Camelino microcarpae-Anthemidetum austriacae and Capsello-Descurainietum sophiae as summer-associations, Stachyo annuae-Setarietum pumilae, Echinochloo-Setarietum pumilae, Digitario-Setarietum pumilae and Trifolium arvense-Ambrosia artemisiifolia-community as autumn-associations. According to ecological and farming conditions, the Camelino-Anthemidetum is divided into two subassociation groups (typical SAGr and SAGr of Anthemis ruthenica) and into four subassociations (caucalidetosum, typicum, scleranthetosum, sisymbrietosum); the Stachyo-Setarietum is divided into two variants (typical variant and variant of Oxalis stricta). In these communities grow numerous arable plants endangered throughout Europe. |
| Title: Morphological relationships among 15 species of Trifolium occurring in Poland. |
| Author: Bulinska-Radomska-Zofia. |
| Source: Genetic-Resources-and-Crop-Evolution. 47 (3): 267-272. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 2000 |
| Abstract: Populations of 15 Trifolium species were morphologically assayed to elucidate species relationships and taxonomic arrangements in the genus. Twenty-one characters were scored and analyzed by numerical methods. All species proved to be heterogenous. The levels of dissimilarity among populations of the same species ranged from around 0.05 to around 0.6. Cluster analysis divided all taxa into two major groups of species which were joined at D (Euclidean Distance) around 0.9. Within the first group three major sub-groups were revealed, comprising T. hybridum L., T. repens L., T. strepens Cr., T. dubium Sibth., T. campestre Schreb., T. patens Schreb. and T. fragiferum L. The second major group consisted of T. pannonicum L., T. arvense L., T. montanum L., T. incarnatum L., T. alpestre L., T. rubens L., T. pratense L. and T. medium L. The present results proved that the genus is very heterogenous, and support the hypothesis that the section Lotoidea was probably the stock from which other sections derived. Morphological relationships among 15 Trifolium species support their taxonomic arrangements proposed by Zohary & Heller (1984), with some exceptions. Sectional positions of T. montanum and T. strepens should be reexamined. Conspecific ranks for three species of section Chronosemum - T. dubium, T. campestre and T. patens - should be considered. |
| Title: The influence of digestion and storage in silage and organic manure on the germinative ability of six weed species (Papaver argemone, P. dubium, Legousia speculum-veneris, Centaurea cyanus, Spergula arvensis, Trifolium arvense). |
| Author: Mayer-F ; Albrecht-H ; Pfadenhauer-J. |
| Source: Zeitschrift-fuer-Pflanzenkrankheiten-und-Pflanzenschutz. 2000; (Special Iss.17): 47-54. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 2000 |
| Abstract: A former analysis of organic manure in terms of seed contents failed to demonstrate the presence of seeds of rare weeds. The aim of the presented studies is to answer the question if germinable seeds of species like Papaver argemone L., P. dubium L., Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix., Centaurea cyanus L., Spergula arvensis L., Trifolium arvense L. could not be found because of being to rare to be sampled or because of their loss of germinative ability during storage or digestion. If the latter proves to be true such species won't get an additional chance of dispersal by manuring. First, germination rates of the six species were determined. Then seed lots filled in nylon bags were buried in stable and semi-liquid manure and in silage and stored three, six, nine or twelve months. Additionally, a feeding experiment with a cow was carried out. Without treatment germination rates varied between only 0.4 % and 76 % but each species showed a decrease when stored or fed. After six months storage in silage all species except Papaver dubium kept their germinative ability. Three months later Centaurea cyanus didn't germinate any more and after twelve months only Trifolium arvense seedlings emerged (germination rate after 12 months storage: 0.4 %; without storage: 26.4 %). Some Trifolium arvense seeds also stayed germinable after one year storage in semi-liquid and stable manure (germination rate: 0.6 % and 0.7 %, respectively) and even after digestion. Furthermore, only Spergula arvensis (germination rate after 3 months storage: 17.4 %; without storage: 75.4 %) and Papaver dubium (germination rate after 3 months storage: 0.2 %; without storage: 76 %) succeeded in germinating after being stored in semi-liquid manure for three months. The results show only a minute chance for Trifolium arvense to be dispersed by manuring but in general this farming operation needs not to be taken into account as dispersal agent for rare species. |
| Title: NA. |
| Author: NA. |
| Source: Boletin-de-la-Real-Sociedad-Espanola-de-Historia-Natural-Seccion-Biologica. 96 (1-2): 205-214.2000. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 2000 |
| Abstract: It was studied the dinitrogen symbiotic fixation, N2(ARA), of the most abundant legumes (Trifolium angustifolium L., T. arvense L., T. cherleri L., T. glomeratum L. and T. subterraneum L.) and grasses (Bromus madritensis L. and B. tectorum L.) in a Mediterranean oligotrophic pasture, situated in the North-West of Madrid (Spain) during the whole growing season. The obtained N2(ARA) was higher in Trifolium sp. than in Bromus sp. In both cases it was observed temporal patterns of N2(ARA), which are considered beneficial for grazing as they extend the period of nitrogen inputs. The topographical gradient determines three areas in the pasture, upper, middle and lower, characterized by different botanical, structural and functional aspects. When we related the N2(ARA) per area unit to the topographic gradient, it was found that it varied according to the three gradient zones. Dinitrogen fixation Trifolium was the highest in the lower and middle zones, whereas for Bromus the greatest values were found in the upper and middle parts. |
| Title: Recent vegetation trends at the Cromwell Chafer Beetle Nature Reserve in Central Otago, New Zealand. |
| Author: Ferreira-S-M ; McKinlay-B. |
| Source: New-Zealand-Journal-of-Botany. [print] June, 38 (2): 235-244.2000. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 2000 |
| Abstract: The vegetation of the Cromwell Chafer Beetle Nature Reserve was described and compared with previous descriptions to elucidate recent vegetation changes. There has been substantial change in vegetation from 1975 to 1997 with an increase in introduced species. The vegetation communities described in 1975 could not be identified in the field during 1997. Five present-day communities were subsequently described. Possible causes of vegetation changes are discussed, major species-specific changes are highlighted, and the implications of these for the conservation of the Cromwell chafer are discussed. |
| Title: Dinitrogen fixation (ARA) by herbaceous legumes in a Mediterranean oligotrophic pasture, Spain. |
| Author: Perez-Corona-M-Esther ; Bermudez-de-Castro-Francisco. |
| Source: Boletin-de-la-Real-Sociedad-Espanola-de-Historia-Natural-Seccion-Biologica. 95 (1-2): 213-221. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: Several nodulated spontaneous legume species are frequent in the Mediterranean semiarid pastures in central Spain. According to their biomass production or cover Biserrula pelecinus L., Medicago minima (L.) Bartal., Trifolium arvense L., T. campestre Schr., T. cernuum Brot., T. dubium Sibth., T. glomeratum L., T. subterraneum L. and T. suffocatum L. are the most relevant species. In the present work, the ability of these legume species for fixing atmospheric nitrogen was estimated, by using the acetylene reduction assay (ARA). The ARA measurements were done once during the spring-summer season when the growth of the oligotrophic semiarid grasslands in the central region of Spain is maximum. Besides, the temporal evolution of the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (ARA), for B. pelecinus was also studied. The aim of the work was to study both temporal and specific variations in nitrogen inputs in the grassland by way of legume symbiosis. ARA results showed high variability among the species. ARA for M, minima was the lowest (8.15 nmolC2H2/hg; dry weight of aerial biomass). T. arvense, showed the highest value (220.80 nmolC2H2/hg). Results for B. pelecinus indicated that ARA values were not very large (0,23-889,49 nmolC2H2/hm2). However, ARA activity was maintained during almost all the growing season. Even, under severe water stress conditions, like those found at the end of the growing season, nitrogen fixing activity of B. pelecinus was recorded. These results suggest that B. pelecinus might be one of the most important biotic elements for natural maintenance of the fertility of semiarid grasslands. The other studied legume species might also significantly contribute to these inputs. The results also suggest that the spontaneous herbaceous legumes of the semiarid Mediterranean grasslands are able to fix significant amounts of nitrogen from the atmosphere and this ability can play an important role in the nutrient dynamic of the grasslands and therefore for the maintenance of these seminatural systems. |
| Title: The use of plant resources in the early centuries ad on the basis of plant macroremains from the Roman Iron Age site at Wasosz Gorny, near Klobuck, central Poland. |
| Author: Bieniek-Aldon. |
| Source: Acta-Palaeobotanica. 39 (1): 137-169. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: Three pits from the Roman Iron Age site at Wasosz Gorny differed in the composition of their plant remains. Cultivated plants were represented by Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Linum usitatissimum, Panicum miliaceum, Pisum sativum, Secale cereale and Triticum spelta. Pit 17 from the Late Roman Period included, in addition to cultivated plants, a great number of weed species, which provide an insight into the kind of arable farming practised at the time. The use of a field rotation system with fallowing was very likely. With the aid of ecological index analysis a picture of the kinds of soil used for the cultivation can be built up. Comparison of the ecological analysis of weeds with the cultivated plant composition in pit 17 showed that spring barley was probably cultivated on rendzinas; pea and oat, probably sown as a mixture, could have been cultivated on light, more acid soils (sandy podsolic soils); rye could have been grown on poor soil, or as a mixture with spelt on fertile, loamy almost neutral soil. Pit 17 contained some species not previously recorded from the Roman Iron Age in Poland, Chenopodium ficifolium, Dianthus armeria, Fragaria vesca, Verbena officinalis, Centaurea phrygia/C. stoebe and Trifolium arvense/T. dubium. |
| Title: Chromosome numbers within some spontaneous populations of 10 Trifolium species in Algeria. |
| Author: Issolah-R ; Abdelguerfi-A. |
| Source: Caryologia-. 52 (3-4): 151-154.1999. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: The chromosome numbers were investigated in 24 spontaneous populations of 10 clover species in Algeria. The numbers found confirm those already cited by various authors throughout the word, exception made for T.scabrum which had manifested two chromosome numbers, the first, 2n=10, confirmed by numerous authors, the second, 2n=12, newly observed during our present work. The diversity would be linked to the number of pods, the size of fruiting heads and some ecological factors of the environment of origin. |
| Title: Plants that are known from one locality in North Kerry (H2). |
| Author: Ryall-Thomas. |
| Source: Irish-Naturalists'-Journal. 1998; 26 (1-2): 60-61. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Seed germination in wild clovers (Trifolium, Leguminosae) from Southwestern Europe (Spain). |
| Author: Devesa-J-A; Ruiz-T ; Rodriguez-P. |
| Source: Plant-Biosystems. 1998; 132 (3) 225-232. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: Seed germination ability of 20 wild Trifolium taxa from the Iberian Peninsula was studied at a 20degreeC and a relative humidity of 40-60%. A high degree of hardseededness was observed, because the germination percentages obtained were lower than 10%, (except for T. pratense, lower than 40%), both under cool white light and in the dark. Sulphuric acid was identified as an effective dormancy breaking agent. Scarification by immersion in sulphuric acid for different lengths of time was tested under different light conditions. Vigour values were calculated and cumulative germination curves were made to illustrate the kinetics and different germination speeds of species and treatments. |
| Title: Scanning electron microscope studies of seed characters in Trifolium L. (Fabaceae). |
| Author: Karam-M-F. |
| Source: Phytomorphology-. 1997; 47 (1) 51-58. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: The external morphology of the seeds of 16 species from three of the eight sections of Trifolium L. (Fabaceae) was studied. A considerable amount of interspecific variation was found, and four main types of seed surface structure were recognised. Most species showed surface patterns of isodiametric or somewhat elongated cells separated by sinuate grooves and covered by sinuate ridges radiating from a central furrow or depression. |
| Title: Identifying suitable temperate forage legume species for saline areas. |
| Author: Rogers-M-E; Noble-C-L; Pederick-R-J. |
| Source: Australian-Journal-of-Experimental-Agriculture.; 37 (6) 639-645. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: The salt tolerance of 29 lines of annual and perennial forage legume species was evaluated in 4 separate experiments over 0-100 mol NaCl/m-3 in the greenhouse with the aim of identifying genetic material that is more salt tolerant than the more traditionally grown forage legume species. Several species or lines showed potential as salt tolerant germplasm including Trifolium tomentosum, 2 lines of T. squamosum and T. alexandrinum cvv. Mescani and Wardan which were all more salt tolerant than T. subterraneum. Two lines of Lotus tenuis and I line of L. corniculatus were also relatively salt tolerant. Some of this material had never been assessed before under saline conditions. In contrast, several other species (T. arvense, T. vesiculosum, T. angustifolium and T. pratense) were found to be extremely salt sensitive and/or produced very small amounts of dry matter over all NaCl concentrations. We believe that further selection and field evaluation (including selection for increased productivity and salt tolerance over a range of growth stages) is required for the material that showed potential in order to fully assess its performance under saline soil conditions. |
| Title: Frost tolerance of Trifolium species. |
| Author: Caradus-J-R. |
| Source: New-Zealand-Journal-of-Agricultural-Research.; 38 (2) 157-162. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: Thirteen Trifolium species were artificially frosted at -4, -8, -12, and -16 degree C in controlled environment rooms. This was carried out in such a way that soil freezing was avoided and only shoots were frosted. Frost tolerance was primarily assessed as the percentage of dead to total leaf dry weight present 1 week after frosting. Trifolium arvense, T. dubium, and T. hybridum were the most frost-tolerant, whereas T. ambiguum, T. subterraneum, T. glomeratum, T. vesiculosum, and T. cernuum were the most frost-sensitive, based on the temperature required to kill 50% of leaves. Trifolium ambiguum may have been particularly sensitive to frosting because of its poor vigor (size). |
| Title: Seasonal growth, flowering patterns, and phosphate response of 18 annual legume species grown in a hill-country soil. |
| Author: Dodd-M-B; Orr-S-J. |
| Source: New-Zealand-Journal-of-Agricultural-Research. 1995; 38 (1) 21-32. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: An experiment was conducted to evaluate 18 herbaceous annual legume species for growth in a low-fertility, low-pH, hill soil, and for their response to added phosphate (P) fertilizer. Lotus, Ornithopus, Medicago, and Trifolium species were included. The plants were grown outdoors in large (250 mm diameter) undisturbed soil cores to provide for full expression of their growth habit. Two P treatments were applied to the cores, a zero rate and a high rate equivalent to 100 kg P/ha. Herbage growth, flowering pattern, and seed production over 8 months were measured. Ornithopus compressus and O. sativus had the highest growth rates and seed production, followed by Lotus subbiflorus and L. angustissimus. These four lines should be evaluated further under field conditions. A number of other species were unable to express full reproductive development under the harvesting regime imposed. A wide range in response to added P was recorded, Trifolium tembense having the greatest proportional increase in growth. |
| Title: The vegetation of fallow strips in the canton of Geneva (Switzerland). |
| Author: Lambelet-Haueter-Catherine. |
| Source: Candollea-. 1995; 50 (2) 329-349. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: In the region of the "Champagne genevoise" a network of fallow strips has been created with the aim to improve the habitat for the last remaining population of Grey Partridge in Switzerland. The vegetation of these strips left fallow for three years has been studied since 1992. In the first year left fallow, 188 plant species were found in 22 strips with a total area of 5,4 ha. 31 species (16,5%) are classified as endangered or threatened on the Swiss Red List. The mean number of species per plots was 64 (min. 41, max. 97). Species composition varied greatly between plots. The results are encouraging for species which occur more frequently and are more abundant in the fallow strips than on cultivated land such as Centaurea cyanus, Gypsophila muralis, Kickxia spuria, Stachys annua, Trifolium arvense, as well as for less abundant but still frequent species like Anchusa arvensis, Hypericum humifusum, Lamium amplexicaule, Misopates orontium, Valerianella rimosa. These first results show that the fallow strips studied constitute a refuge for a number of threatened agrestal and ruderal species. in order to obtain a long-term effect, the agricultural flora has to be encouraged as much as possible by appropriately treating the ground during the first year. Insects and several bird species depending on agricultural practice seem to benefit from the strips as well. Thus the strips prove to be excellent structures to improve the habitat right in the heart of the cultivated land. |
| Title: Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus infection of alternative hosts associated with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius): Field screening procedure relative susceptibility/resistance rankings, seed transmis |
| Author: McKirdy-S-J; Jones-R-A-C. |
| Source: Australian-Journal-of-Agricultural-Research. 46 (1) 135-152. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: A field screening procedure was devised to determine relative susceptibility and resistance rankings for hosts of bean yellow mosaic potyvirus (BYMV) using BYMV-infected Trifolium subterraneum plants transplanted at each end of single row test plots. Natural spread of BYMV by aphids resulted in BYMV symptoms in test lines. Four test lines were ranked as highly resistant, nine were resistant, seven were moderately resistant, eight were susceptible and two were highly susceptible to BYMV infection. Disease progress curves plotted for each test line assisted in the ranking process. Relative rankings were independent of flowering date and presence of host alkaloids. Acrythosiphon kondoi, Myzus persicae and Rhopalosiphum padi were the predominant aphid species caught in traps associated with field screening plots. Seven plant species tested were new BYMV host records. Seed of four plant species systemically infected following sap inoculation with BYMV was tested, and seed transmission detected in Melilotus indica (0.5%). When seed of 19 alternative host species that became systemically infected through natural spread was tested, seed transmission was found in Medicago polymorpha (0.9%), Medicago truncatula (0.3%), M. indica (1%), T. arvense (0.1%), T. campestre (0.2%) and T. glomeratum (0.05%). No seed transmission was detected in T. subterraneum. It is concluded that under broadacre agriculture in the Mediterranean climate of Western Australia. seed-borne infection in naturalized M. polymorpha, T. arvense, T. campestre and T. glomeratum growing in T. subterraneum pastures probably provides the principal means by which BYMV persists over the dry summer to act as primary sources for subsequent spread. The species most likely to contribute to BYMV spread within T. subterraneum pastures and from them to Lupinus angustifolius crops were L. cosentinii, T. campestre, T. dubium and T. subterraneum itself. |
| Title: Polyommatus icarus (common blue) - egg laying on Trifolium arvense (hare's foot trefoil) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). |
| Author: Nielsen-Ole-Fogh. |
| Source: Flora-og-Fauna. 100 (2) 77-79. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Cryptic speciation in Lens culinaris. |
| Author: Ladizinsky-G; Abbo-S. |
| Source: Genetic-Resources-and-Crop-Evolution. 1993; 40 (1) 1-5. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: Three crossability groups have been identified in the wild progenitor of lentil, Lens culinaris ssp. orientalis. The common one which is predominant in this taxon and in the cultigen, the unique one, which at present is known only from three populations in southern Turkey and northern Syria and the intermediate one, known from four populations in that general region. Crosses between members of the common and unique groups yield aborted seeds which can be reached by embryo culture. Members of the intermediate group are cross-compatible with both other groups. Crossability potential seems to be controlled by a few major genes and minor genes of quantitative nature. One population of the unique group is characterized by novel karyotype and chromosome rearrangements and is reproductively isolated from any other population of Lens culinaris. The implication of the three crossability groups and the novel chromosome rearrangement for lentil taxonomy are briefly discussed. |
| Title: Proposals to reject the names Trifolium agrarium, T. filiforme and T. procumbens (Leguminosae). |
| Author: Turland-Nicholas ; Kirschner-Jan; Stepanek-Jan. |
| Source: Taxon-. 1996; 45 (3) 549-551(1244-1246). |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: NA |
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