SAIN Invasive Plant Pests Resource Collection for Stellaria media
Common name: Common chickweed
| Title: Basis for common chickweed (Stellaria media) tolerance to oxyfluorfen. |
| Author: Matsumoto-Hiroshi {a}; Kashimoto-Yuki; Warabi-Eiji. |
| Source: Pesticide-Biochemistry-and-Physiology. May, 1999; 64 (1): 47-53. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: Common chickweed (Stellaria media Vill.) is one of the major weeds in upland and orchard in Japan and has been known to be a species poorly controlled by diphenyl ether herbicides. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the physiological basis of the plant's tolerance to the diphenyl ether herbicide oxyfluorfen (2-chloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl 3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenyl ether). Uptake, translocation, and metabolism of the herbicide, sensitivity of the action site, porphyrin accumulation, and tolerance to singlet oxygen in common chickweed were compared with slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis) and large crabgrass (Digitaria adscendens), oxyfluorfen-sensitive species. Common chickweed showed a little visible herbicide injury to 10 muM of sprayed oxyfluorfen, while the herbicide significantly reduced the fresh weight of large crabgrass and slender amaranth at 1 muM. Uptake of 14C following (14C)oxyfluorfen application to the adaxial surface of the second leaf for 2h was similar for common chickweed and large crabgrass, although the initial rate was greater in large crabgrass. No translocation of the herbicide out of the treated leaf was observed in either species. The major part of absorbed 14C was identified as unmetabolized oxyfluorfen in common chickweed and large crabgrass 24 h after application. The herbicide caused protoporphyrin IX accumulation in slender amaranth and large crabgrass. In contrast, no accumulation of the photosensitizing tetrapyrrole was observed in common chickweed. When excised leaf disks of slender amaranth and large crabgrass were treated with the herbicide, the porphyrin accumulation occurred faster than in intact plants. However, no accumulation was detected in leaf disks of common chickweed. Furthermore, vacuum infiltration of oxyfluorfen solution into the leaf disks of common chickweed did not promote the porphyrin accumulation. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase, the target enzyme of the herbicide, in common chickweedwas inhibited by oxyfluorfen in vitro. The plant was also more tolerant to the singlet oxygen generating agent, rose bengal, than the susceptible species. However, tolerance of common chickweed to oxyfluorfen is considered to be due mainly to the mechanism which prevents protoporphyrin IX accumulation. |
| Title: Influence of cucumber mosaic virus infection on the growth response of Portulaca oleracea (purslane) and Stellaria media (chickweed) to nitrogen availability. |
| Author: Navas-Marie-Laure {a}; Friess-Nathalie; Maillet-Jacques. |
| Source: New-Phytologist. June, 1998; 139 (2) 301-309. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: The study characterized the influence of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on the growth response of two annual weeds to nitrogen. Plants were grown individually along a N gradient from 4 to 32 mmol l-1 and data were interpreted using growth analysis. Plant biomass increased with N concentration and was significantly higher for healthy than infected plants at the two highest N concentrations. Healthy plants of Portulaca oleracea L. were characterized by lower biomass allocation to leaves and higher biomass allocation to roots than infected plants; no change in biomass allocation was recorded for Stellaria media Vill. Relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and specific leaf area (SLA) of plants increased with increasing N concentration. Healthy plants of P. oleracea were characterized by a higher RGR and NAR and a lower SLA than infected plants, whereas healthy S. media had a higher RGR but a similar NAR and SLA or leaf weight ratio (LWR) compared with infected plants. The consequences of these results on the population dynamics of weeds and virus spread are discussed. |
| Title: Allelopathic interference of chickweed, Stellaria media with seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum). |
| Author: Inderjit. |
| Source: Canadian-Journal-of-Botany. July, 1998; 76 (7) 1317-1321. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: The question whether or not annual weeds are allelopathic under field conditions is important in assessing the interference potential of annual weed species. Research was conducted to investigate the probable involvement of allelopathy in the interference potential of chickweed, Stellaria media, a polycarpic winter annual weed. Chickweed maintains heterogeneous populations represented by different age-classes under natural conditions. Results indicate that both young and mature growth stages of chickweed contribute water-soluble phenolics to the soil. Soil amended with matured chickweed had a higher phenolic content than weed-infested soils. Both weed-infested and weed-amended soil affect the seedling growth of wheat. Chickweed could be allelopathic also to a crop of the current season under natural conditions, as it contributes water-soluble compounds to its associated soil. |
| Title: The influence of temperature and water potential on the germination of seven different dry-stored seed lots of Stellaria media. |
| Author: Grundy-A-C. |
| Source: Weed-Research. 1997; 37 (4) 257-266. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: Experiments were made on seven dry-stored seed lots of Stellaria media (L.) Vill to assess the effect of water potential and temperature on germination. These seed lots were from different sources and their age ranged from freshly harvested to 5 years in dry storage. Germination was recorded at regular intervals at five constant temperatures (5-25 degree C) in all combinations with eight water potential regimes (from 0 to -1.4 MPa). The results showed that seed lot had a significant effect on the percentage, rate and spread of germination. Differences in germination behaviour in the seed lots appeared to be related to the durations of dry storage. Freshly harvested seed exhibited signs of dormancy, with the lowest percentage and longest mean germination time. Seed lots that had been in dry storage for more than 1 year took increasingly longer to germinate, particularly under less favourable conditions. In contrast, germination percentages were highest in the 3-year-old seed. The constant temperature and water potential achieving maximum germination was independent of seed lot, as was the water potential achieving the highest germination rates. However, the temperature achieving the highest germination rate was dependent on seed lot. The spread in germination time was largest for the freshly harvested and oldest seed samples. Rates of germination against temperature over the range of water potentials studied were complex. |
| Title: The influence of interspecific interference on the seed production of Stellaria media and Hordeum vulgare (volunteer barley). |
| Author: Van-Acker-R-C {a}; Lutman-P-J-W; Froud-Williams-R-J. |
| Source: Weed-Research. 1997; 37 (4) 277-286. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: The effects of the density and proportion of both volunteer barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (common chickweed) on the seed yield of both species was investigated in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and autumn-sown field bean (Vicia faba L.). A model was created to estimate these effects. It was a combination of two models. The first was a simple linear model relating weed seed number m-2 to weed dry weight m-2. The second was an inverse linear model relating weed dry weight per plant to weed density. A very good relationship existed between barley dry weight and number of seeds m-2 and between S. media dry weight and number of seed capsules m-2. This relationship was relatively consistent between experiments. The inverse linear model provided a good estimation of the relationship between weed density and weed dry weight per plant for both barley and S. media. Model variables, however, differed between experiments. Using the combined model it was estimated that, in the absence of other weed species and at a density of 800 plants m-2, S. media would produce between 4000 and 48 000 seeds m-2, whereas volunteer barley, at a density of 400 plants m-2, would produce between 2000 and 8000 seeds m-2. The presence of barley always reduced S. media seed yield and a barley population of 100 plants m-2 could reduce S. media seed yield by up to 79%. The presence, of S. media reduced barley seed yield in only one of three experiments, in which a S. media density of 800 plants m-2 reduced barley seed yield by up to 68%. It was concluded that interspecific weed competition should not be ignored as a factor in models of weed population dynamics. |
| Title: Effects of depth of seed burial and soil aggregate size on seedling emergence of Alopecurus myosuroides, Galium aparine, Stellaria media and wheat. |
| Author: Cussans-G-W {a}; Raudonius-S; Brain-P; Cumberworth-S. |
| Source: Weed-Research. 1996; 36 (2) 133-141. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: Seedling emergence of Alopecurus myosuroides Huds., Stellaria media L. (Vill.), Galium aparine L. and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was compared at a range of depths of soil cover from 2 to 11 cm. The covering sod was a fertile agricultural soil with 60% clay content which had been sieved into four aggregate sizes. The aggregate sizes used were 26-50 mm, 14-25 mm, 6-13 mm and below 6 nun. Total emergence of all species was reduced with increased depth of sod cover. With A. myosuroides and S. media, total emergence was lowest in fine soil conditions. Alopecurus myosuroides showed a marked interaction whereby response to depth of sowing was least with fine tilth. The time to 50% emergence showed a similar response. With all four species, seedling emergence was slowest at greater depths of sowing and with the finest tilth, the differences tending to increase with increasing depth of sowing. A very high proportion of the time to 50% emergence was accounted for by the lag time between sowing and the first recorded emergence. |
| Title: Sulfonylurea resistance in Stellaria media (L.) Vill. |
| Author: Kudsk-P {a}; Mathiassen-S-K {a}; Cotterman-J-C. |
| Source: Weed-Research. 1995; 35 (1) 19-24. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: A sulfonylurea-resistant biotype of common chickweed (Stellaria media L. Vill.) was found in a field treated with chlorsulfuron or metsulfuron for eight consecutive years. In pot experiments the biotype was resistant to postemergence treatments with the following acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors: chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron, tribenuron, triasulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, flumetsulam and imazapyr. The level of resistance to chlorsulfuron and sulfometuron was higher than to the other sulfonylurea herbicides. Whereas the level of cross-resistance to the triazolopyrimidine herbicide, flumetsulam was comparable to that of metsulfuron, that of imazapyr was significantly lower. In contrast to imazapyr the biotype was not resistant to imazethapyr, another imidazolinone herbicide. ALS in vitro assays revealed that resistance was due to an ALS enzyme that was less sensitive to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Herbicides with different modes of action were equally effective on the susceptible and resistant biotypes. |
| Title: Stellaria media (L.) Vill. s. 1. (Caryophyllaceae): Inter- and intrapopulational variation. |
| Author: Colasante-Maretta {a}; Lucchese-Fernando. |
| Source: Bollettino-della-Societa'-Sarda-di-Scienze-Naturali. 1994-1995; 30 (0) 297-308. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: The present preliminary study is a contribution to the biosystematics of the Italian wild populations of Stellaria media (L.) Vill. s. l. and it is basically a comparison of qualitative differences in two populations, one in Abruzzi-Molise and the other in Lazio region, near Rome. We have investigated the comparative morphology of individual plants and we illustrate the variations which are also found in other Italian wild populations and in herbarium specimens (FI, RO). Specimens of S. neglecta Weihe and S. pallida (Dumort.) Pire have been studied and compared. We might suppose that in S. media s. l. phenotypic plasticity and genotypic flexibility are probably linked to polyploidy but we think more likely that there is also the possibility of an ancient hybrid origin and consequent instability, by the active evolution proper of many annual plant species, by specific isolating mechanisms and above all genetic mixing between S. neglecta and S. pallida. In our opinion, in this context, the infraspecific ranks appear unsatisfactory because of the presence of too many intermediate forms. Thus, analysis of wild populations have to be increased qualitatively and quantitatively in order to improve the taxonomy of S. media s. l. |
| Title: Investigation of a chlorsulfuron-resistant chickweed (Stellaria media (L.) Vill.) population. |
| Author: O'-Donovan-J-T {a}; Jeffers-G-M {a}; Maurice-D; Sharma-M-P {a}. |
| Source: Canadian-Journal-of-Plant-Science. 1994; 74 (4) 693-697. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: A chickweed population (R) from a farm near Stony Plain, Alberta, was more resistant to chlorsulfuron than a population (S) collected near Vegreville, Alberta. In greenhouse experiments, the S population was controlled completely by chlorsulfuron applied at 5 g ha-1, whereas 22 g ha-1 was required to reduce dry weight of the R population by 50%. Experiments conducted in a germinator indicated that percentage germination of the R population was higher than that of the S population up to apprx 60 h. Growth analyses in the greenhouse indicated that leaf number, leaf area, shoot dry weight, days to flowering, flower number, seed weight and relative yields differed little between the two populations. In field experiments, control of the R population was poor with the sulfonylurea herbicides, chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron methyl, triasulfuron, amidosulfaron and thifensulfuron. Good To excellent control was obtained with cyanazine/MCPA, linuron, metribuzin, mecoprop, bentazon, metribuzin + MCPA, linuron + MCPA, and mecoprop + bentazon. |
| Title: The effect of different frequencies of harrowing in the autumn or spring on winter wheat, and on the control of Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Galium aparine L. and Brassica napus L. |
| Author: Wilson-B-J; Wright-K-J; Butler-R-C. |
| Source: Weed-Research. 1993; 33 (6) 501-506. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: Cultivating with a flexible tine harrow in the autumn reduced densities of Stellaria media (L) Vill.. Galium aparine L. and Brassica napus L. plants and thinned the wheat crop. Effects were more severe with two passes at right angles (plant stands were approximately halved) than with a single cultivation. Despite crop thinning, wheat yields were not reduced by autumn harrowing owing to compensatory increases in 1000-grain weights. Summer biomass of S. media and G. aparine was reduced more by spring than by autumn harrowing while biomass of B. napus was only reduced by autumn harrowing. It was concluded that weakly rooted climbing or scrambling species are more easily controlled by cultivating in the spring, while species that develop a tap-root are more readily controlled by cultivating at an early growth stage in the autumn. |
| Title: Aseptic dual culture of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hom., Aleyrodidae) and its host, Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (Caryophyllaceae). |
| Author: Raman,-A.; Beiderbeck,-R. |
| Source: J.-APPL.-ENTOMOL. 1992. vol. 113, no. 3, pp. 252-257. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: After surface-sterilization by a simple technique the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum was cultivated in aseptic dual cultures with calluses or micropropagated shoots of different plant species. Callus cultures from either host plants or non-host plants were never acceptable to the whitefly either for nutrition or for oviposition. On shoot cultures of the host Stellaria media the life cycle of the whitefly was completed and repeated. This dual culture enables the study of the biology of a phytophagous insect under completely controlled and quarantined conditions requiring very limited shelf space. |
< Back
Next >
Back To Invasives Species Index
|
