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SAIN Invasive Plant Pests Resource Collection for Microstegium vimineum
Common name: Nepal grass
| Title: A rhizomatous, perennial form of Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus in New Jersey. |
| Author: Ehrenfeld, J.G. |
| Source: The journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. Oct/Dec 1999. v. 126 (4) p. 352-358. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Photosynthetic responses of Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus, a shade-tolerant, C sub(4) grass, to variable light environments. |
| Author: Horton,-J.L.; Neufeld,-H.S. |
| Source: OECOLOGIA 1998 vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 11-19. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus, a shade-tolerant C sub(4) grass, has spread throughout the eastern United States since its introduction in 1919. This species invades disturbed understory habitats along streambanks and surrounding mesic forests, and has become a major pest in areas such as Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The focus of this study was to characterize the photosynthetic induction responses of M. vimineum, specifically its ability to utilize low light and sunflecks, two factors that may be critical to invasive abilities and survival in the understory. In addition, we were curious about the ability of a grass with the C sub(4) photosynthetic pathway to respond to sunflecks. Plants were grown under 25% and 50% ambient sunlight, and photosynthetic responses to both steady-state and variable light were determined. Plants grown in both 25% and 50% ambient sun became 90% light saturated between 750-850 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1); however, plants grown in 50% ambient sun had significantly higher maximum steady-state photosynthetic rates (16.09 plus or minus 1.37 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1) vs. 12.71 plus or minus 1.18 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1)). Both groups of plants induced to 50% of the steady-state rate in 3-5 min, while it took 10-13 min to reach 90% of maximum rates, under both flashing and steady-state light. For both groups of plants, stomatal conductance during induction reached maximum rates in 6-7 min, after which rates decreased slightly. Upon return to low light, rates of induction loss and stomatal closure were very rapid in both groups of plants, but were more rapid in those grown in high light. Rapid induction and the ability to induce under flashing light may enable this species to invade and dominate mesic understory habitats, while rapid induction loss due to stomatal closure may prevent excess water loss when low light constrains photosynthesis. The C sub(4) pathway itself does not appear to present an insurmountable barrier to the ability of this grass species to respond to sunflecks in an understory environment. |
| Title: Microstegium vimineum (Trin.), a shade-tolerant C4 grass, has spread throughout the eastern United States since its introduction in 1919. |
| Author: A. Camus. |
| Source: Oecologia-Berlin. March, 1998; 114 (1) 11-19. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: This species invades disturbed understory habitats along streambanks and surrounding mesic forests, and has become a major pest in areas such as Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The focus of this study was to characterize the photosynthetic induction responses of M. vimineum, specifically its ability to utilize low light and sunflecks, two factors that may be critical to invasive abilities and survival in the understory. In addition, we were curious about the ability of a grass with the C4 photosynthetic pathway to respond to sunflecks. Plants were grown under 25% and 50% ambient sunlight, and photosynthetic responses to both steady-state and variable light were determined. Plants grown in both 25% and 50% ambient sun became 90% light saturated between 750-850 mumol m-2 s-1; however, plants grown in 50% ambient sun had significantly higher maximum steady-state photosynthetic rates (16.09 +- 1.37 mumol m-2 s-1 vs. 12.71 +- 1.18 mumol m-2 s-1). Both groups of plants induced to 50% of the steady-state rate in 3-5 min, while it took 10-13 min to reach 90% of maximum rates, under both flashing and steady-state light. For both groups of plants, stomatal conductance during induction reached maximum rates in 6-7 min, after which rates decreased slightly. Upon return to low light, rates of induction loss and stomatal closure were very rapid in both groups of plants, but were more rapid in those grown in high light. Rapid induction and the ability to induce under flashing light may enable this species to invade and dominate mesic understory habitats, while rapid induction loss due to stomatal closure may prevent excess water loss when low light constrains photosynthesis. The C4 pathway itself does not appear to present an insurmountable barrier to the ability of this grass species to respond to sunflecks in an understory environment. |
| Title: Forest response to the introduced hemlock woolly adelgid in southern New England, USA. |
| Author: Orwig-David-A; Foster-David-R. |
| Source: Journal-of-the-Torrey-Botanical-Society. Jan.-March, 1998; 125 (1) 60-73. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae, an introduced aphid-like insect from Asia, is expanding its range across the northeastern United States through the range of Tsuga canadensis (eastern hemlock) and can severely reduce or eliminate this important late-successional species. As part of a study investigating stand- and landscape-level forest dynamics resulting from HWA infestation, we examined initial community response of eight T. canadensis stands in south-central Connecticut. Our major objectives were to assess mortality patterns in T. canadensis, evaluate subsequent changes in stand microenvironment, and relate these and stand composition to initial patterns of regeneration, understory response, and community reorganization. Tsuga canadensis damage varied broadly across the study area ranging from near zero to greater than 95% mortality. All size and age classes sampled were attacked by HWA, although smaller trees exhibited higher mortality rates than larger trees. All remaining T. canadensis sampled in seven of the eight stands were infested with HWA and over 90% suffered at least 50% foliar loss. Substantial accumulations of downed woody debris have developed in stands with severe HWA damage. Canopy gaps created by HWA damage significantly increased the amount of light reaching the forest floor and resulted in rapid understory vegetation responses. Prolific Betula lenta (black birch) establishment occurred in stands with moderate to severe T. canadensis mortality. In addition, opportunistic herbaceous species (Erechtites hieracifolia, Phytolacca americana) and exotic species (Ailanthus altissima, Microstegium vimineum) have recently invaded these stands. Due to mortality from HWA, T. canadensis seedlings were scarce in sampled stands, suggesting that advance regeneration and seedbanks will not be important mechanisms for T. canadensis reestablishment. Tsuga canadensis cannot sprout following defoliation and has no apparent resistance to HWA. Therefore, dramatic reductions in T. canadensis across broad geographical areas appear imminent if HWA dispersal continues unimpeded and no effective natural enemies of HWA are found. |
| Title: The linear relation between stand yield and integrated light in a shade-adapted annual grass. |
| Author: Barden-Lawrence-S. |
| Source: Bulletin-of-the-Torrey-Botanical-Club. 1996; 123 (2) 122-125. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: Many ecology textbooks state that the photosynthetic response of plants to varying light is represented by the response of single leaves, which is a downward concave curve that often reaches saturation. Single leaves of the shade-adapted, annual grass, Microstegium vimineum (Trinius) A. Camus, saturate at 25% full sunlight. However, two field experiments showed that stand dry weight yield at the end of the growing season was a linear function of integrated light, rather than a downward concave saturation-type curve. The linear relation for M. vimineum stands concurs with results of several agricultural studies and may have implications for forest growth models that assume saturation-type response curves for whole trees or forest canopies. |
| Title: A comparison of growth efficiency of plants on the east and west sides of a forest canopy gap. |
| Author: Barden-Lawrence-S. |
| Source: Bulletin-of-the-Torrey-Botanical-Club. 1996; 123 (3) 240-242. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: The theoretical distribution of light in a circular forest canopy gap is symmetrically equal on the east and west sides of the gap. However, small plants on the west side of the gap receive maximum light in the morning when air temperature and vapor pressure deficit are relatively low, while plants on the east side receive maximum light in the afternoon when temperature and VPD are high. To test the hypothesis that plants on the west side of a gap are able to use light more efficiently, Microstegium vimineum, a shade-adapted annual grass, was grown in pots in a forest canopy gap, both in the actual open gap and in the extended gap. In the actual gap there was no difference in growth efficiency. However, in the extended gap growth efficiency was 39% greater on the west side than on the east side under equal light (integrated photon flux density). Thus, asymmetry of microclimate on the east and west-sides of a canopy gap causes an east-west asymmetry in plant growth efficiency and may induce asymmetry in species composition of understory vegetation. |
| Title: Distribution and habitat types for Nepal microstegium [Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) Camus] in Maryland and the District of Columbia. |
| Author: Redman,-D.E. |
| Source: CASTANEA 1995 vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 270-275. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: Nepal microstegium Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) Camus occurs in all counties and Baltimore City in Maryland, and in adjacent Washington, D.C. This Asiatic grass is abundant in the central part of the State and less so toward the western and eastern parts of the State. Primary habitats are partially shaded roadbanks, firetrails and logging roads, and mesic and floodplain woodlands. Secondary habitats are fields in utility rights-of-way, thickets, ditches, and it rarely occurs in wetlands and gardens. Flowering and fruiting occurs over a 10 day to 2 week period in September or October in the Maryland/D.C. area.
Microstegium vimineum |
| Title: The northeastward spread of Microstegium vimineum (Poaceae) into New York and adjacent states. |
| Author: Hunt, D. M.; Zaremba, R. E. |
| Source: Rhodora 94(878):167-170; 1992. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: On the occurrence of a few grasses in Pakistan and Nepal (Ischaemum impressum, Ischnochloa falconeri, Microstegium vimineum, Puccinellia tenuiflora). |
| Author: Goel, A. K.; Uniyal, B. P. |
| Source: Journal of Economic and Taxonomic. Botany: 4(3): 43; 1983. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1983 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Microstegium vimineum, a shade adapted C-4 (carbon pathway) grass (comparison of growth with Digitaria sanguinalis and Sporobolus airoides). |
| Author: Winter, K.; Schmitt, M. R.; Edwards, G.E. |
| Source: Plant Science Letter 24(3):311-318; 1982. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1982 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Soil erosion and traditional know-how _Terraces, tree planting, grass cultivation, reducing torrent flows, Nepal_. |
| Author: Nepali, S.B. |
| Source: Proceedings of the South-East Asian Regional Symposium on Problems of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation, held at Asian Institute of Technology, January 27-29, 1981 / edited by T. Tingsanchali, H. Eggers. p. 365-379. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1981 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Microstegium vimineum (Trin) A. Camus (Graminaceae) in the United States. |
| Author: Fairbrothers, H. L; Gray, J. R. |
| Source: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 99:97-100; 1972. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1972 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Southeast Region Resource Activity Report. |
| Author: Woods, F. |
| Source: GSMNP. USDI National Park Service. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: |
| Abstract: NA |
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