SAIN Invasive Plant Pests Resource Collection for Alliaria petiolata
Common name: Garlic Mustard
| Title: Growth and photosynthetic response of first-year garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) to varied irradiance. |
| Author: Dhillion-Shivcharn-S; Anderson-Roger-C. |
| Source: Journal-of-the-Torrey-Botanical-Society. Jan.-March, 1999; 126 (1) 9-14. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata, Brassicaceae), a biennial plant species native to Eurasia, is of concern in the Midwestern and Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada because it forms monospecific stands that dominate forest understories and displace the native understory flora. We examined the influence of varied irradiance on growth and photosynthetic rates of first-year garlic mustard plants. We measured the photosynthetic rates at different levels of irradiance for plants grown at ambient irradiances in a forest or garden, and in a growth chamber under one of four irradiance treatments (constant 125, 243, 469, or 1,140 mumol m-2 s-1 of PPFD). For growth chamber plants, log normal transformed shoot biomass was positively correlated with the irradiance under which the plants were grown (r2 = 0.9188, P<0.05). For all plants, maximum photosynthetic rates (AMax) and stomatal conduction tended to be higher for plants grown under high irradiances than those grown under low irradiances. These maximum rates are similar to those of other shade-adapted species, but lower than those reported for sun-adapted ruderals. This may in part explain why garlic mustard tends to be restricted to shaded or partially shaded habitats. |
| Title: Allelochemicals Isolated from Tissues of the Invasive Weed Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata). |
| Author: Vaughn, Steven F. Berhow, Mark A. |
| Source: Journal of chemical ecology. NOV 01 1999 v 25 n 11. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Competitive ability of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard, Brassicaceae), an invasive, nonindigenous forest herb. |
| Author: Forrest-Meekins-J; McCarthy-Brian-C. |
| Source: International-Journal-of-Plant-Sciences. July, 1999; 160 (4): 743-752. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (garlic mustard, Brassicaceae) is a Eurasian herb that is currently invading forested areas throughout portions of the northern United States and southern Canada. Alliaria petiolata enters plant communities in an aggressive fashion, often displacing resident understory species. One possible mechanism that may enable garlic mustard to successfully invade these areas is hypothesized superiority as a competitor. In order to determine the competitive potential of A. petiolata, a multiple deWit replacement series was conducted in the greenhouse between A. petiolata and three native species: Impatiens capensis, an herbaceous annual, and Acer negundo and Quercus prinus, two woody perennials. Each target species was grown in mixture with A. petiolata, and all species were grown in monoculture. After 21 wk, plants were harvested and dried. Aboveground dry-weight biomass (yield) was then used to calculate the relative yield per plant, relative yield total, and mean aggressivity index. Impatiens capensis and A. negundo experienced greater intraspecific competition than interspecific competition with A. petiolata, while A. petiolata grown with A. negundo experienced more interspecific competition. Impatiens capensis and A. petiolata were approximately equal in aggressivity, while A. negundo was more aggressive than A. petiolata. In contrast, Q. prinus experienced more interspecific competition when grown with A. petiolata and had a lower aggressivity value. Alliaria petiolata rosettes had a greater competitive ability and aggressivity than Q. prinus, indicating that oak forest understories may be more vulnerable to A. petiolata invasion and that A. petiolata may negatively affect oak regeneration. |
| Title: Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard, (Brassicaceae), an invasive, nonindigenous forest herb. |
| Author: Meekins, A, 'McCarthy-Brian. |
| Source: International-Journal-of-Plant-Sciences July, 1999; 160 (4): 743-752. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (garlic mustard, Brassicaceae) is a Eurasian herb that is currently invading forested areas throughout portions of the northern United States and southern Canada. Alliaria petiolata enters plant communities in an aggressive fashion, often displacing resident understory species. One possible mechanism that may enable garlic mustard to successfully invade these areas is hypothesized superiority as a competitor. In order to determine the competitive potential of A. petiolata, a multiple deWit replacement series was conducted in the greenhouse between A. petiolata and three native species: Impatiens capensis, an herbaceous annual, and Acer negundo and Quercus prinus, two woody perennials. Each target species was grown in mixture with A. petiolata, and all species were grown in monoculture. After 21 wk, plants were harvested and dried. Aboveground dry-weight biomass (yield) was then used to calculate the relative yield per plant, relative yield total, and mean aggressivity index. Impatiens capensis and A. negundo experienced greater intraspecific competition than interspecific competition with A. petiolata, while A. petiolata grown with A. negundo experienced more interspecific competition. Impatiens capensis and A. petiolata were approximately equal in aggressivity, while A. negundo was more aggressive than A. petiolata. In contrast, Q. prinus experienced more interspecific competition when grown with A. petiolata and had a lower aggressivity value. Alliaria petiolata rosettes had a greater competitive ability and aggressivity than Q. prinus, indicating that oak forest understories may be more vulnerable to A. petiolata invasion and that A. petiolata may negatively affect oak regeneration. |
| Title: Isovitexin 6''-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside: A feeding deterrent to Pieris napi oleracea from Alliaria petiolata. |
| Author: Haribal-Meena; Renwick-J-Alan-A. |
| Source: Phytochemistry-Oxford. April, 1998; 47 (7) 1237-1240. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: Pieris napi oleracea, an indigenous butterfly to North America lays eggs on Alliaria petiolata, an invasive weed introduced from Europe, but the larvae generally do not survive. A new apigenin glycoside, isovitexin 6"-O-glucoside has been isolated from the leaves A. petiolata and identified as a feeding deterrent for P. napi fourth instar larvae. The structure was elucidated by UV, MS and NMR spectroscopy. |
| Title: Variable patterns of seed maturation and abortion in Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae). |
| Author: Susko-David- 'Lovett-Doust. |
| Source: Canadian-Journal-of-Botany Oct., 1998; 76 (10) 1677-1686. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: We investigated variation in ovule development within and among fruits in garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande. Individuals were sampled at 14 sites in North America. On average, 94% of ovules showed evidence of fertilization and development. The majority of ovules (mean 68%; range 53.2-82.5%) reached seed maturity. Patterns of seed maturation and abortion varied nonrandomly within and among fruits. In sites in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Ontario, resource limitation seemed to be an important determinant of seed production, as fruits initiated nearest the base of an infructescence were significantly more likely to produce mature seeds than distally located fruits. Also the probability of seed maturation within individual fruits decreased significantly from the pedicellar to the stylar ends. In contrast, for individuals from Ohio sites, the probability of maturing seeds was greatest for centrally located fruits within an infructescence as well as for centrally located ovules within fruits, indicating a greater influence of pollen limitation in addition to resource limitation. We conclude that it could be misleading to infer traits of a species as a whole based on observed patterns of seed maturation in a single site or region. Rather such patterns may reflect prevailing conditions and selection pressures at a local, or regional, scale. |
| Title: Garlic mustard: An addition to the flora of South Dakota. |
| Author: Tatina-Robert. |
| Source: Prairie-Naturalist. March, 1998; 30 (1) 52. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The flora of young planted woods. The development in the clayey woods of Flevoland. |
| Author: Bremer-Piet. |
| Source: 'Levende-Natuur' July, 1998; 99 (4) 153-159. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: The colonization by wood-inhabiting plant species of 53 planted woods on clayey soils in Flevoland (former Zuiderzee) has been studied. 135 species were found, 42 of them being characteristic for the Fraxino-Ulmetum and some of them not known before from other clayey woods in The Netherlands. Multiple regression showed that 36% of the variance in total number of characteristic wood-inhabiting species per wood was explained by area and age. Anemochorous and endozoochorous species seemed to be most successful; the establishment of various species is correlated with the distance to villages, indicating human beings as one of the vectors for dispersal. Species with short distance dispersal are underrepresented in the examined woods. Within woods the plantations with Ash have most in common with the Fraxino-Ulmetum. Sometimes other plantations can be promising as well, e.g. Pine. Ditches have a positive effect on the number of fern-species. Sowing of characteristic species took place at five locations; it accelerated the dispersal of some of them; Alliaria petiolata being most successful. The article gives some advice for planting woods on clayey soils. |
| Title: An assessment of the allelopathic potential of the invasive weed Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae). |
| Author: McCarthy-Brian-C; Hanson-Sheryl-L. |
| Source: Castanea-. March, 1998; 63 (1) 68-73. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (garlic mustard) is a non-indigenous member of the Brassicaceae that is invading woodlands throughout eastern North America. Previous work has demonstrated that this species is having a negative effect on the diversity of understory communities and is actively displacing native species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which allelopathy might be acting as the mechanism of interference. Extracts of garlic mustard root and shoot tissues were applied to seeds and seedlings of four target species used as bioassays: radish, winter rye, hairy vetch, and lettuce. While seed germination rates varied by species and extract concentration, total germination after 5-7 d was largely unaffected by any extract concentration. Only radish seeds treated with the most concentrated root solution exhibited a depressed germination relative to the water control. Likewise, seedling biomass was generally unaffected by any extract treatment. Only shoot biomass for rye was significantly depressed with the highest concentration of leaf extract. Our data provide little evidence that allelopathy is involved in the invasive success or community interference of this non-indigenous species, even though the Brassicaceae are well known to possess potentially biologically active compounds with allelopathic effects. |
| Title: Demographic variation in Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae) in four contrasting habitats. |
| Author: Byers-Diane-L''Quinn-James. |
| Source: 'Journal-of-the-Torrey-Botanical-Society' April-June, 1998; 125 (2) 138-149. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: The expansion of Alliaria petiolata into a broad range of habitats in New Jersey was examined by comparing demographic and reproductive characteristics in four habitats that differed in availability of moisture and light. Plants behaved as strict biennials in all sites in all years. Survivorship, seed weight, and seed germination were lower in the drier habitats. The timing of flowering was later (1-2 weeks) in the drier habitats, although it did not appear to affect fruit maturation (as estimated by fruit abortion) which occurred during the drier months in all sites. Fecundity as measured by seeds/fruit and fruit production significantly differed among the populations although seeds/plant did not differ. Fruit abortion, which differed among the populations and among years, may be most influenced by environmental fluctuations rather than any characteristics intrinsic to the sites. The allocation of resources (biomass) to reproduction was greatest in the most disturbed site. A common garden experiment using seedlings from the two most contrasting sites suggested that variation in most traits (flowering phenology and resource allocation) was primarily a response to the environment. However, survivorship was more affected by seedling origin. This research suggests that A. petiolata responds to the broad range of habitats primarily by phenotypic plasticity. While A. petiolata had lower survivorship in the drier habitats, its phenotypic variation in demographic and reproductive characteristics may have allowed successful range expansion. |
| Title: Tennessee Exotic Plant Management Manual, pp. 56-59. |
| Author: Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council. |
| Source: NA |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Progress made in educating about problems with invasive plants. |
| Author: Abugatta, Alonso. |
| Source: Virginia Native Plant Society Newsletter, Vol. 15, No. 3, (May) p. 5. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Aspects of the ecology of an invasive plant, garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), in Central Illinois. |
| Author: Anderson,-R.C.; Dhillion,-S.S.; Kelley,-T.M. |
| Source: RESTOR.-ECOL. 1996 vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 181-191. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard), an exotic plant species, has invaded woodlands in several areas in midwestern and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, and it is displacing the indigenous understory flora. This study was conducted to provide information about the species' biology that might be useful in controlling its spread in native woodlands. The plant is a strict biennial in North America, spending the first year of growth as a basal rosette. This period of relatively slow growth is followed by a period of rapid shoot elongation (1.9 cm/day) during early spring of the second growing season. The plant is capable of cross- and self-pollination, although pollination and stigma receptivity occur before the flower is open, so autogamy is the most likely breeding system. Garlic mustard invest 20.4% of its biomass in reproductive effort, with an annual seed rain of 15,000 seeds/m super(2). Seed dispersal from fruits begins in early July and continues into October. Most seeds germinate in the spring following the year in which they were produced. Seedling recruitment is high (8.3-18.0 seedlings/dm super(2)), but only about 7.5% of the plants survive to maturity. The success of the plant in invading woodlands appears to be related to (1) its autogamous breeding system that allows a single individual, or a few individuals, to establish populations of genetically similar but interfertile individuals; (2) high seed production, permitting establishment of large numbers of individuals; and (3) rapid growth during the second growing season, which increases its competitive ability. Because of garlic mustard's ability to occupy understory habitats successfully, it may be unrealistic to expect to eliminate the plant from many habitats it has already invaded. |
| Title: First Report of Fusarium Root Rot of Alliaria petiolata. |
| Author: Chen, W. , Schwegman, J. E. |
| Source: Plant disease. , JUN 01 1996 v 80 n 6. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Impact of dormant season herbicide treatment on the alien herb garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata)[Bieb] Cavara & Grande. |
| Author: Nuzzo, V.A. |
| Source: Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science, vol 89, pp. 25-36. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Pollination biology and breeding system of Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae). |
| Author: Cruden, Robert William McClain, Ann Marie Shrivastava, Gokaran P. |
| Source: Bulletin of the torrey botanical club. OCT 01 1996 v 123 n 4 273. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Growth of Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) in Native Soils of Different Acidity. |
| Author: Anderson, Roger C. Kelley, Timothy M. |
| Source: Transactions of the illinois state academy of sc 1995 v 88 n 3 / 4 91 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Implications of introduced garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) in the habitat of Pieris virginiensis (Pieridae). |
| Author: Porter,-A. |
| Source: J.-LEPID.-SOC. 1994 vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 171-172. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Response of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata Bieb. [Cavara and Grande]) to summer herbicide treatment. |
| Author: Nuzzo,-V.A. |
| Source: NAT.-AREAS-J. 1994 vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 309-310. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Oviposition stimulants and deterrents control acceptance of Alliaria petiolata by Pieris rapae and P. Napi oleracae. |
| Author: Huang, X.P. Renwick, J.A.A. Chew, F.S. |
| Source: Chemoecology. 1994 v 5 / 6 n 2 79. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Missouri Vegetation Manual. |
| Author: Smith, T.E.(ed.). |
| Source: Missouri Department of Conservation. Jefferson City MO. 146 p. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Natural mortality of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara and Grande) rosettes. |
| Author: Nuzzo, V.A. |
| Source: Natural Areas Journal 13:132-133. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Current and historic distribution of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) in Illinois. |
| Author: Nuzzo, V. A. |
| Source: The Michigan Botanist 32:23-33; 1993. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Distribution and spread of the invasive biennial garlic mustard(Alliaria petiolata) in North America, pp. 137-146. |
| Author: Nuzzo, V.A. |
| Source: In B.N. McKnight (ed.), Biological Pollution. Indiana Acad. Sci. Indianapolis, Indiana, 261 pp. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Seed germination biology of the weedy biennial Alliaria petiolata. |
| Author: Baskin, J.M. and C.C. Baskin. |
| Source: Natural Areas Journal 12:191-197. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata [Bieb.] Cavara and Grande) rate of spread and potential impact on groundlayer species. |
| Author: Nuzzo, V.A. |
| Source: Report to the Illinois Department of Conservation. Native Landscapes. 17 p. + tables + figures. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Experimental control of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata [Bieb.] Cavara and Grande) in four natural communities in Illinois. |
| Author: Nuzzo, V.A. |
| Source: Report to the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources. Native Landscapes. 18 p. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1991 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Biological pollution: The control and impact of invasive exotic species. |
| Author: McKnight,-B.N. |
| Source: Proceedings of a symposium held at the University Place Conference Center, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis on October 25 and 26, 1991 INDIANA-ACADEMY-OF-SCIENCES 1993 261 pp. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1991 |
| Abstract: On October 25 and 26, 1991, about 300 people from 35 states and abroad gathered in Indianapolis for a conference entitled Biological Pollution: The Control and Impact of Invasive Exotic Species. This symposium celebrated the 100th anniversary of the Indiana Academy of Science Biological Survey Committee, originally entitled "Committee for the Restriction of Weeds." It also coincided with the approaching quincentennial of Columbus' "discovery" of the Americas. As the Europeans and their slaves attempted to subjugate this new land, making it resemble the Old World as they attempted to survive, native American cultures suffered egregious damage and many, like the Arawaks, were obliterated. The native fauna and flora also have been victimized. The individual chapters discuss these exotic species: multiflora rose, dogwood anthracnose disease, fish introductions, spiny water flea, zebra mussels, teasel, earthworms, the Asian tiger mosquito, fire ants, garlic mustard, purple loosestrife, Himalayan snowcock, domestic cats, exotic weeds in Hawaii aquatic plant species in Florida, Amur honeysuckle, wild boars and escaped burros. Other chapters cover exotic species management in Illinois, classical biological control, legal avenues for controlling exotics, and foreign weed eradication in the USA. |
| Title: Experimental control of garlic mustard in northern Illinois using fire, herbicides, and cutting. |
| Author: Nuzzo, V. A. |
| Source: Natural Areas Journal 11(3):158-167. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1991 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Acclimatization of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) to varied levels of irradiance. |
| Author: Anderson, R. C.; Dhilion, S. S. |
| Source: American Journal of Botany: 78 (Supplement to No. 6):129- 130; 1991. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1991 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Report and recommendations of the Minnesota Interagency Exotic Species Task Force. |
| Author: MN DNR. |
| Source: unpublished report. 25 p + Appendices. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1991 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Examination of the allelopathic properties of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata). |
| Author: Kelley, T.; Anderson, R. C. |
| Source: Transactions from the Illinois State Academy of Science 83 (suppl.): 31-32; 1990. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Flora biology and breeding system of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata). |
| Author: Babonjo, A.; Dhilion, S. S.; Anderson, R. C. |
| Source: Transactions from the Illinois State Academy of Science:83 (suppl.):32; 1990. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Aspects of the seed biology of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata). Abs. |
| Author: Kelley, T., S. Dhillion and R. Anderson. |
| Source: Transactions Illinois State Academy of Science, supplement to Volume 84:33. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: A comparison of the virulence and serological affinity of an isolate of turnip yellow mosaic virus from garlic-mustard with strains isolated from the brassicas. |
| Author: Pelikanova, J., J. Spak, and D. Kubelkova. |
| Source: Sbornik Uvtiz (ustav vedeckotechnickych informaci pro zemedelstvi) Ochrana Rostlin 26 (3):161-165. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Germination ecology of the facultative biennial Arabis laevigata variety laevigata. |
| Author: Bloom, C.T., C.C. Baskin, and J.M. Baskin. |
| Source: American Midland Naturalist 124:214-230. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Hedge garlic: a spontaneous host of turnip yellow mosaic virus. Sbornik uvtiz (ustav vedeckotechnickych informaci pro zemedelstvi) |
| Author: Pelikanova, J. |
| Source: Ochrana Rostlin 26 (1):17-22. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Vegetation management guideline for garlic mustard control in nature preserves. |
| Author: Nuzzo, V.A., J. Kennay and G. Fell. |
| Source: Illinois Nature Preserves Commission Volume 1 No. 10. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Host plant recognition in monophagous weevils: Specificity in feeding responses of Ceutorhynchus constrictus and the variable effect of sinigrin. |
| Author: Nielsen, J.K., A.H. Kirkeby-Thomsen, and M.K. Peterson. |
| Source: Entomologia Experimentalis et Epplicata 53(2):157-166. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Mating in the afternoon: time-saving in courtship and remating by females of a polyandrous butterfly Pieris napi L. |
| Author: Forsberg, J. and C. Wiklund. |
| Source: Behavorial Ecology and Sociobiology 25:349-356. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Host plant recognition in monophagous weevils: Specificity in feeding responses of Ceutorhynchus constrictus and the variable effect of sinigrin. |
| Author: Nielsen,-J.K.; Kirkeby-Thomsen,-A.H.; Petersen,-M.K. |
| Source: NTOMOL.-EXP.-Alliaria petiolataPL. 1989. vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 157-166. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: Host plant relations of the monophagous weevil Ceutorhynchus constrictus Marsh. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchinae) feeding on garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara and Grande (Cruciferae) were studied in the laboratory. Most other crucifers were rejected in choice tests using garlic mustard as a reference plant, but Brassica nigra, Sinapis alba and Thlaspi arvense were as acceptable as the host plant. Flowering plants of Descurainia sophia were acceptable while young plants of this species were not. The most important feeding stimulants in extracts of garlic mustard were uncharged, water soluble compounds. The most abundant glucosinolate in garlic mustard, sinigrin, was a feeding stimulant, too. However, the feeding stimulatory activity of sinigrin was only expressed in the presence of still unidentified uncharged compounds from garlic mustard leaves. |
| Title: The detectability and interpretation of changes in vegetation. |
| Author: Wilmanns, O. and A. Bogenrieder. |
| Source: Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft fur Okologie (Gieben 1986) Band XVI 1987 16:35-44. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1988 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Life history variation of Alliaria petiolata in a range of habitats in New Jersey. |
| Author: Byers, D.L. |
| Source: M.S. thesis. Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ. 132 p. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1988 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Plant size as a factor in determining flowering time and reproductive output in Alliaria petiolata. Abs. |
| Author: Byers, D.L. and J.A. Quinn. |
| Source: American Journal of Botany 75:71. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1988 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The effect of habitat variation in Alliaria petiolata on life history characteristics. Abs. |
| Author: Byers, D.L. and J.A. Quinn. |
| Source: American Journal of Botany 74:647. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1987 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Assimilation of food by the caterpillars of the large white butterfly Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) feeding on cabbage, hedge garlic and onion. |
| Author: Remorov, V.V. |
| Source: Entomoloicheskoe Obozrenie 66:19-25. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1987 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Anthocharis cardamines on Arabis glabra (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). |
| Author: Kuijken, W. |
| Source: Entomologische Berichten (Amsterdam) 47:157-158. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1987 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Occurrence and characterization of a turnip mosaic virus isolate infecting Alliaria petiolata in Ontario, Canada. |
| Author: Stobbs, L.W. and J.G. Van Schagen. |
| Source: Plant Disease 71(11):965-968. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1987 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The effect of chemical deterrent, released from the frass of caterpillars of the garden pebble moth, on cabbage root fly oviposition. |
| Author: Jones, T.H. and S. Finch. |
| Source: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 45:283-288. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1987 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The effect of habitat variation in Alliaria petiolata on life history character-istics. |
| Author: Byers, D. L. |
| Source: American Journal of Botany 74:647; 1987. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1987 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Robinia communities in the middle Saar valley (West Germany). |
| Author: Klauck, E.J. |
| Source: Tuexenia 0(6):325:334. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Evidence of spontaneous changes, in part autogenous and in part caused by air pollution, oak/hornbeam forests: a case study in the Kaiserstuhl region (Baden). |
| Author: Wilmanns, O., A. Bogenrieder and W.H. Muller. |
| Source: Natur and Landschaft 61:415-422. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Contribution to the knowledge of the role of wild hosts in the incidence of plant viruses. |
| Author: Polak, Z. |
| Source: Mededelingen van de Facultaeit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Gent. 50:1301-1304. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1985 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: New and interesting records of adventive plants from the Auckland Institute and Museum Herbarium: 11. |
| Author: Bangerter, E.B. |
| Source: Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 22:41-46. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1985 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: A preliminary study on the effect of some agricultural herbicides on a range of field margin flora. |
| Author: Birnie, J.E. |
| Source: Technical report, AFRC Weed Research Organization. No. 79. 24 p. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1984 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The population biology of the orange tip butterfly Anthocharis cardamines in Britain. |
| Author: Courtney, S.P. and A.E. Duggan. |
| Source: Ecological Entomology 8:271-281. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1983 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: A Catskill flora and economic botany IV. (Part I.) Polypetalae, Chenopodiaceae through Capparidaceae. |
| Author: Brooks, K.L. |
| Source: University of the State of New York. Albany, NY. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1983 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Seed survival and periodicity of seedling emergence in eight species of Cruciferae. |
| Author: Roberts, H.A. and J.E. Boddrell. |
| Source: Annals of Applied Biology 103:301-304. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1983 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Ruderal communities and elements of synanthropic flora in the town of Tarnobrzeg (Poland). |
| Author: Swies, F. and M. Kucharczyk. |
| Source: Annales Univeritatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska Sectio C Biologia 37(0):351-376. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1982 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The biology of Canadian weeds. 35. Alliaria petiolata (M Bieb.) Cavara and Grande. |
| Author: Cavers, P. B.; Heagy, M. I.; Kokron, R. F. |
| Source: Canadian Journal of Plant Science 59:217-229; 1979. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1979 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The Wild Garden, an illustrated guide to weeds. |
| Author: de Bray, L. |
| Source: Mayflower Books. NY. 191 p. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1978 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Ascorbic acid and vitamin A content of edible wild plants of Ohio and Kentucky. |
| Author: Zennie, T.M. and C.D. Ogzewalla. |
| Source: Economic Botany 31:76-79. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1977 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Uber schleier - und Staudengesellschaften mitteleuropaischer Ufersaume. |
| Author: Passarge, H. |
| Source: Folia Geobot. Phytotax. (Praha) 11:137-162. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1976 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Notes on the ecology of germination of Alliaria petiolata. |
| Author: Lhotska, M. |
| Source: Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica (Praha) 10:179-183. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1975 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The wildflowers of Britain and northern Europe. |
| Author: Fitter, R., A. Fitter and M. Blamey. |
| Source: Charles Scribner's Sons. NY NY. 336 p. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1974 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: An ecological life history of Alliaria officinalis, a deciduous forest "weed". |
| Author: Trimbur, T.J. |
| Source: M.S. thesis. Ohio State University. 56 pp. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1973 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Flora Europaea. vol 1. |
| Author: Tutin, T.G., V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, D.H. Valentine, S.M. Walters and D.A. Webb. |
| Source: Cambridge University Press. 267 p. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1964 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Edible wild plants of eastern North America. |
| Author: Fernald, M.L. and A.C. Kinsey. |
| Source: Harper and Row. NY NY. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1958 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: A manual of weeds. |
| Author: Georgia, A.E. |
| Source: Macmillan Co. NY NY. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1920 |
| Abstract: NA |
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