SAIN Invasive Plant Pests Resource Collection for Ailanthus altissima
Common name: Tree of heaven
| Title: Forest response to the introduced hemlock woolly adelgid in southern New England |
| Author: Orwig,-D.A.; Foster,-D.R. |
| Source: Torrey-Bot.-Soc. 1998 vol. 125, no. 1, pp. 60-73 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae, an introduced aphid-like insect from Asia, is expanding its range across the northeastern United States through the range of Tsuga canadensis (eastern hemlock) and can severely reduce or eliminate this important late-successional species. As part of a study investigating stand- and landscape-level forest dynamics resulting from HWA infestation, we examined initial community response of eight T. canadensis stands in south-central Connecticut. Our major objectives were to assess mortality patterns in T. canadensis, evaluate subsequent changes in stand microenvironment, and relate these and stand composition to initial patterns of regeneration, understory response, and community reorganization. Tsuga canadensis damage varied broadly across the study area ranging from near zero to greater than 95% mortality. All size and age classes sampled were attacked by HWA, although smaller trees exhibited higher mortality rates than larger trees. All remaining T. canadensis sampled in seven of the eight stands were infested with HWA and over 90% suffered at least 50% foliar loss. Substantial accumulations of downed woody debris have developed in stands with severe HWA damage. Canopy gaps created by HWA damage significantly increased the amount of light reaching the forest floor and resulted in rapid understory vegetation responses. Prolific Betula lenta (black birch) establishment occurred in stands with moderate to severe T. canadensis mortality. In addition, opportunistic herbaceous species (Erechtites hieracifolia, Phytolacca americana) and exotic species (Ailanthus altissima, Microstegium vimineum) have recently invaded these stands. Due to mortality from HWA, T. canadensis seedlings were scarce in sampled stands, suggesting that advance regeneration and seedbanks will not be important mechanisms for T. canadensis reestablishment. Tsuga canadensis cannot sprout following defoliation and has no apparent resistance to HWA. Therefore, dramatic reductions in T. canadensis across broad geographical areas appear imminent if HWA dispersal continues unimpeded and no effective natural enemies of HWA are found. |
| Title: Survey of stylet bearing nematodes associated with Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle in Mardan district |
| Author: Khan-Aly ; Shaukat-S-Shahid; Khanzada-A-K |
| Source: Khyber. Jan.,; 11 (1) 61-67.1998 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: A survey of stylet bearing nematodes associated with the rhizosphere of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle revealed 10 genera of nematodes from 8 different localities of Mardan district, NWFP, Pakistan. The dominant species were Pratylenchus thornei, Helicotylenchus indicus and Hoplolaimus indicus. The group structure was revealed using cluster analysis while the trends were exposed using principal component ordination. The first ordination axis was correlated with soil pH while the second axis was correlated with maximum water holding capacity of soil. |
| Title: Feeding experiments of polyphagous silkworm larvae on various plant leaves. |
| Author: Ohnuma-Akio; Tazima-Yataro |
| Source: Journal-of-Sericultural-Science-of-Japan. Dec., 1997; 66 (6) 431-437. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: Experiments were carried out to know whether or not the food choice of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, could be solely attributed to the sensitivity to deterrent substances contained in the plant leaves. 2. Polyphagous larvae of two mutant strains, Brd and Sj, were used mainly as testers. 3. Plant leaves tested for acceptability to the silkworm larvae were 27 species belonging to 15 families: (1) those reported so far as acceptable in any degree to the silkworm, i.e. families of Moraceae, Compositae and Legminosae, (2) food plants used for raising wild silkworms; Quelcus and Ailanthus, and (3) host plants of noxious caterpillars; i. e. Cameria, Citrus, Diospyros, Prunus etc.. 4. A selective range of food plant taken by polyphagous larvae was roughly in parallel to that of normal larvae when it was compared on plant species basis. S. A selective range of food plant of the newly hatched larvae were fairely broader than that of grown larvae, just after the fourth moult. 6. The mutant larvae fed on fresh leaves of Ailanthus altissima and Prunus Mume, although both fresh leaves were toxic to them. The toxicity of P. Mume, however, disappeared when the leaves were dried and given to larvae as a component of artificial diet. 7. The leaves of akinonogeshi (Lactuca laciniata), which were known as good substitutes of the mulberry leaves, were taken with preference by the silkworm, and the larvae grew fairly well until spinning the cocoon successfully. However, once dried they lost nutritive value and the ingested larvae did not grow. 8. The leaves of azuki bean (Phaseolus angularis) was not toxic and the larvae grew fairly well both on fresh leaves and artificial diet containing dried leaf powder until they spun cocoon. |
| Title: Oxidative stress response and photosystem 2 efficiency in trees of urban areas. |
| Author: Ohnuma-Akio; Tazima-Yataro |
| Source: Rank-B Photosynthetica-Prague. 1997; 33 (3-4) 467-481. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: The neophyte Ailanthus altissima (Tree of Heaven), 1751 introduced from China to England, is propagating in some urban areas very successfully in spite of the increasing air pollution, whereas many traditional urban trees decline. It was examined, whether this rapid spread might be supported by a high capacity of antioxidative protection. In comparison to Betula, Tilia and Platanus, the leaves of Ailanthus had the lowest content of thiobarbiturate-reactive substances (TBA-rs) and the highest activity of ascorbate-specific peroxidase (AS-POD). This indicated a lower level of oxidative lipid breakdown and a higher capacity for detoxification of H-2O-2 in leaves of Ailanthus than in the other three species. Further on, the quantum yield of photosystem (PS) 2, DELTA-F/F-m', was quantified by means of fluorimetric analysis. Whereas no differences were found between Ailanthus, Betula and Platanus, the leaves of Tilia had a relative lower efficiency in PS2 photochemistry. The air analyses done by the Senat von Berlin were used in order to examine the influence of actual concentrations of air pollutants O-3, SO-2 and NO-x, on the leaves of investigated trees. Only the leaves of Ailanthus might react on air pollution in different habitats by elevating the activity of AS-POD under high pollution, but in a very limited way. The quantum yield of PS2 and the amount of TBA-rs in the leaves were not influenced by the concentration of air pollutants. Differences between individual trees within species can be due to the genotype or to edaphic factors, but not to the level of air pollution of the habitat. Therefore improvement of cultivation, fertilization, aeration of the soil and other measures should be helpful for the survival of urban trees even under strong immission conditions. |
| Title: The flora of Latimer Point and vicinity, New London County, Connecticut. |
| Author: Hill-Steven-R |
| Source: Rhodora 1996 (1997); 98 (894) 180-216. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: A long-term floristic study of the macroalgae, bryophytes, and vascular plants in the vicinity of Latimer Point, Stonington, New London County, Connecticut was made from 1969 to 1992. Four-hundred twenty-seven taxa were found including 30 marine macroalgae, 12 mosses, 10 ferns and fern allies, 1 conifer, and 374 flowering plants. Five species are reported as new to southeastern Connecticut: Cuscuta pentagona, Eschscholzia californica, Poa palustris, Stachys byzantina, and Viola priceana. Two species listed as endangered in Connecticut are known from the area. Angelica lucida and Ligusticum scothicum, and one species listed as of special concern, Honckenya peploides, is also present. Changes in composition of the terrestrial flora during the 25 year period include the invasion of Ailanthus altissima, Elaeagnus umbellata, and Paulownia tomentosa, an increase in populations of 14 exotic species, and the decline of six native species. |
| Title: Invasive Plants: Weeds of the Global Garden. |
| Author: Randall, J.M. and J. Marinelli. |
| Source: Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Handbook #149. 111 pp. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Identifications of an allelopathic compound from Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae) and characterization of its herbicidal activity. |
| Author: Heisey-Rod-M |
| Source: American-Journal-of-Botany. 1996; 83 (2) 192-200.1996 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: Aqueous extracts of Ailanthus altissima bark and foliage were previously shown to be toxic to other plants. Using bioassaydirected fractionation, I isolated the phytotoxic compound from A. altissima root bark and identified it to be ailanthone, a quassinoid compound having molecular mass of 376. Ailanthone was highly phytotoxic, with concentrations of 0.7 ml/L causing 50% inhibition of radicle elongation in a standardized bioassay with garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds. Ailanthone exhibited potent pre- and postemergence herbicidal activity in greenhouse trials. Postemergence activity was especially striking; even the lowest application rate (0.5 kg/ha) caused complete mortality of five of the seven plant species tested within 5 d of treatment. In contrast, the highest application rate (8 kg/ha) did not cause any detectable injury to A. altissima seedlings, indicating the presence of a protective mechanism in the producer species to prevent autotoxicity. Ailanthone was rapidly detoxified in field soil as a result of microbial activity. Applications of ailanthone equivalent to 0.5 and 4.0 kg/ha completely lost their phytotoxicity within ltoreq 5 d when incubated in the presence of nonsterile soil. When incubated with sterile soil under identical conditions, however, ailanthone remained highly phytotoxic throughout the 21-d duration of the investigation. The high level of postemergence herbicidal activity in conjunction with its rapid biodegradation in soil suggest ailanthone may have potential for development as a natural-product herbicide. |
| Title: Invasive Alien Plant Species of Virginia: Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle). |
| Author: Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation and Virginia Native Plant Society. |
| Source: Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation and Virginia Native Plant Society |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Isolation and characterization of seed germination inhibitors from ailanthus altissima viii, 214 pg |
| Author: McFarland, Lisa |
| Source: Thesis (M.S.) in Chemistry--University of Maine, 1996. MeU Univ. 1996 .M315 |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: A Lack of toxicity of Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) for goats. |
| Author: Bourke-C |
| Source: Australian-Veterinary-Journal. 1996; 74 (6) 465. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: none |
| Title: The stromatal diffusive resistance (SDR) of leaves is one of the indexes of the air-filtering ability of plants |
| Author: NA |
| Source: Journal-of-Plant-Resources-and-Environment. 1996; 5 (2) 34-39 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: The SDR and the transpiration rate in 115 species of broad-leaved trees belonging to 50 families, which included 84 species of deciduous trees, 25 species of evergreen trees, 6 species of liana and herbs, among them 33 species are rare and endangered trees, were investigated by stomatal instrument (in field). The average value of the SDR was 2.28 s/cm, while the minimum value was 0.49 s/cm in Morus alba, and the maximum was 7.6 s/cm in Phoebe sbeareri and Calvcanthus chinensis. The results showed that the broad-leaved trees, which had the low SDR, high air-filtering ability and were not easily to be affected by the environment changes, were Morus alba, Trachycarpus fortunei, Ailanthus altissima, Broussonetia papyrifera, Fraxinus chinensis, Koelreuteria integrifolia, etc. Parthenocissus tricuspidata, a liana, also had high air-filtering efficiency. |
| Title: Tree of Heaven. |
| Author: Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council. |
| Source: Tennessee Exotic Plant Management Manual. 1996 |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Tree-of-Heaven Control. |
| Author: Pannill, Philip. |
| Source: Maryland Department of Natural Resources Forest Service Stewardship Bulletin. 8 pp. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Clonal growth in Ailanthus altissima on a natural site in West Virginia. |
| Author: Kowarik-Ingo |
| Source: Journal-of-Vegetation-Science 6 (6) 853-856. 1995 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: The exotic tree Ailanthus altissima is usually confined to open sites. As an exception, Ailanthus established in a densely closed forest in West Virginia, which was analyzed with the aim to elucidate possible pathways of persistence in forest succession of this light-demanding pioneer species. Demographic analysis revealed a seedling mortality of 100%. Instead, the understory is populated by clonal ramets, ranging from one to more than 19 yr of age, with a mean of 5 yr. Growth averages only 0.11 m/yr, and height is correlated with age. This clonal growth contrasts with the performance of Ailanthus on open sites. The possible ecological benefits of establishing a ramet bank in a resource-poor habitat are considered in terms of space occupation of a pioneer species. |
| Title: Identification of plant growth inhibitory principles in Ailanthus altissima and Castela tortuosa. |
| Author: NA |
| Source: Journal-of-Agricultural-and-Food-Chemistry. 1995; 43 (6) 1708-1711.1995 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: A methanol extract of Ailanthus altissima and a methylene chloride extract of Castela tortuosa exhibited plant growth inhibitory activity against Brassica juncea, Eragrostis tef, and Lemna minor. Ailanthone and chaparrinone were identified as the active constituents in A. altissima and C. tortuosa, respectively. In the bioassays with B. juncea, E. tef, and L. minor ailanthone inhibited growth by 50% (I-50) at 0.9, 2.6, and 21 mu-M, respectively, and the I-50 values for chaparrinone in these three bioassays were 0.9, 2.1, and 4.2 mu-M, respectively. In a greenhouse test ailanthone exhibited inhibitory activity against several weed species, and it was more effective postemergent than preemergent. |
| Title: Ailanthus altissima: its biology and recent history. |
| Author: Hunter, J. C. |
| Source: CalEPPC News 3(4):4- 5 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Contact reaction to the tree of heaven. |
| Author: Derrick-Elizabeth-K; Darley-Charles-R |
| Source: Contact-Dermatitis. 1994; 30 (3) 178. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: None |
| Title: The weathering ability of higher plants: The case of Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle. |
| Author: Almeida-M-T; Mouga-T; Barracosa-P |
| Source: International-Biodeterioration-and-Biodegradation. 33 (4) 333-343.1994 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: The growth of higher plants on monuments causes weathering of the substrata and can be one of the biggest problems for conservators. Deterioration can be: chemical-acidity of the roots; root exudation of organic acids that decompose the calcium bicarbonate, which is the main component of limestone used as building material. Mechanical-through the growth pressure of the roots, either on or near the monuments. This paper aims to point out the importance of studying the floristic and ecological aspect of higher plants growing on buildings, particularly the Tree of Heaven-Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle, an Asiatic plant, naturalised in Europe. This tree can be found growing both in modern and ancient buildings, and its large root system causes severe damage to the structure of the buildings. The results of a biocide treatment (ammoniacal solution) are described. |
| Title: Multiple indirect effects of plant litter affect the establishment of woody seedlings in old fields |
| Author: Facelli,-J.M. |
| Source: ECOLOGY 1994 vol. 75, no. 6, pp. 1727-1735 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: I studied the effects of oak leaf litter, herb competition, and insect herbivory on the establishment of seedlings of Ailanthus altissima in New Jersey, USA. I performed two experiments in an early-successional site in two consecutive years. In the first experiment I tested the effects of litter and competition, and their interaction, on establishment and growth of tree seedlings. In the second experiment I studied the effect of insecticide application in combination with litter and herb competition on seedling establishment and growth, and on arthropod abundance. In the absence of competition, litter had no significant effect on the biomass of woody seedlings, though it delayed seedling emergence. Herb competition reduced the growth of the woody seedlings, but the addition of leaf litter reduced the density and biomass of the herbs, indirectly improving the growth of the woody seedlings. Litter increased both invertebrate damage to seedling cotyledons and seedling mortality. The application of insecticide increased seedling emergence and reduced seedling mortality, and more so in the presence of litter. The total number of arthropods and the number of plant-chewing arthropods were increased by the addition of litter and reduced by application of insecticide. Thus, litter had, simultaneously, a positive indirect effect on individual biomass through reduced competition, and a negative indirect effect on the number of individuals through increased seed and/or seedling predation, and a negative direct effect on seedling mortality. |
| Title: A defense of ailanthus. |
| Author: Peigler, R. |
| Source: American Horticulturalist 72:38-43 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The role of wounding and partial girdling in differentiation of vascular rays. |
| Author: Lev-Yadun, S.; Aloni, R. |
| Source: International Journal of Plant Science 153(3, pt.1):348-357 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. |
| Author: Gleason, H.A., and A. Cronquist. |
| Source: New York Botanical Garden. Bronx, New York. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1991 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Ailanthus altissima. (Burns, R. H.; Honkala, B. B. eds. Silvics of North America.) |
| Author: Miller, J. H. |
| Source: USDA, Agriculture Handbook 654. Washington, DC, 2:101-103 |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Influence of reproductive effort on foliar morphology structure and functioning in Ailanthus altissima. Phytomorphology (Delhi: International Society of Plant Morphologists) 40(1 2):131-143; 1990. |
| Author: Clair-Maczulajtys, D.; Bory, G. |
| Source: none |
| Source Type: NA |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: |
| Title: NA |
| Author: Geerinck, D. |
| Source: NA |
| Source Type: NA |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Evidence for allelopathy by tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima). |
| Author: Heisey, R. M. |
| Source: Journal of Chemical Ecology 16: in press |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Allelopathic and herbicidal effects of extracts from tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima). |
| Author: Heisey, R. M. |
| Source: American Journal of Botany 77(5):662-670 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1988 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Ailanthus altissima Element Stewardship Abstract Report (prepared by Marc Hoshovsky). |
| Author: The Nature Conservancy, California Regional Office (prepared by Marc Hoshovsky). |
| Source: Arlington, Virginia, November 1988. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1988 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle and Buddleja davidii Franchet--two adventive woody plants in Augsburg. |
| Author: Muller, N. |
| Source: Bericht der Bayerische Botanische Gesellschaft zur Erforschung der heimischen Flora. 1987. v. 58 Pages: p. 105-107 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1987 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Element stewardship abstract for Ailanthus altissima. |
| Author: Hoshovsky, M. C. |
| Source: San Francisco: The Nature Conservancy; 1986. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Arboreal riffraff or ultimate tree. |
| Author: Newton, E. |
| Source: Audubon 99(4):12-19; 1986. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Structure and function of the cataphylls of Ailanthus glandulosa during heteroblastic development. |
| Author: Clair-Maczulajtys, D. |
| Source: Phytomorphology. July/Dec 1986. v. 36 (3/4) Pages: p. 367-381. ill. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: None |
| Title: The Bradley method of eliminating exotic plants from natural preserves. |
| Author: Fuller, T. C.; Barbe, G. D. |
| Source: Fremontia 13(2):24-26; 1985. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1985 |
| Abstract: none |
| Title: Effects of soil type and compaction on the growth of Ailanthus altissima seedlings. |
| Author: Pan, E. |
| Source: Journal of environmental horticulture. Dec 1985. v. 3 p. 158-162. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1985 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Pesticide background statements. |
| Author: United States Department of Agriculture. |
| Source: Vol. I: Herbicides. Agric. Handbook No. 633 U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1984 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: A new host record for Atteva fabriciella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) a pest of Ailanthus. |
| Author: Mohanadas, K. |
| Source: Journal of tree sciences. 1984. v. 3 (1/2) Pages: p. 128. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1984 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Adaptation of Ailanthus altissima to the urban environment through analysis of habitat usage and growth repsonse to soil compaction. |
| Author: Rabe, E. P. and N. Bassuk. |
| Source: Hortscience (Programs and Abstracts) 19(3):572. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1984 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Transmission right-of-way vegetation management program: analysis and recommendations. |
| Author: Jones and Stokes Associates. |
| Source: Prepared for Seattle City Light, Seattle, Washington. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1984 |
| Abstract: Copy on file at The Nature Conservancy, California Field Office, 785 Market Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94103 |
| Title: Herbicide handbook. |
| Author: Weed Science Society of America. |
| Source: Weed Science Society of America |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1983 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Invasion and destruction of extrafloral nectaries in Ailanthus altissima by sooty moulds. |
| Author: Clair-Maczulajtys, D. |
| Source: Phytomorphology. June/Sept 1982 (pub. 1983). v. 32 (2/3) Pages: p. 206-211. ill. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1983 |
| Abstract: none |
| Title: Woody-plant succession in the urban forest: filling cracks and crevices (Cottonwood, Populus deltoides, Ailanthus altissima). |
| Author: Santamour, F.S. Jr. |
| Source: Journal of arboriculture. Oct 1983. v. 9 (10) Pages: p. 267-270. ill. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1983 |
| Abstract: Paper presented at the annual conference of the International Society of Arboriculture in Indianapolis, Indiana, in August, 1983. |
| Title: The acclimatizaiton and phytogeographical behavior of the tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) in the French Mediterranean area (Bas-Langvedoc). |
| Author: Kowarik, I. |
| Source: Phytocoenologia 11(3): 389-406. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1983 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Naturalization and plant geographic behavior of the tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) in the French central mountain region (Bas-Languedoc). |
| Author: Kowarik, I. |
| Source: Phytocoenologia v. 11 (3) Pages: p. 389-405. maps. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1983 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Illustrations of the life-history stages of the Ailanthus defoliator Eligma narcissum indica (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) (India). |
| Author: Roonwal, M.L. |
| Source: Indian journal of forestry. Dec 1982. v. 5 (4) Pages: p. 270-276. ill. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1982 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The exciting history of the tree of heaven _Ailanthus_. ArticleTitle: Die aufregende Geschichte vom Gotterbaum. |
| Author: Beisel, K.W. Transl |
| Source: Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten. Oct 1982. v. 33 (10) Pages: p. 210-211. ill. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1982 |
| Abstract: none |
| Title: Salt treatment of roads in winter: the response of trees and the content of chlorine in their assimilaton organs. |
| Author: Semoradova, E. and J. Materna. |
| Source: Scientia Agric. Bohemoslovaca 14(4):241-260. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1982 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Spot-gun application of hexazinone for the control of tree of heaven _Ailanthus altissima |
| Author: Pritchard, G.H.( edited by B.J. Wilson and J.T. Swarbrick) |
| Source: Proceedings of the sixth Australian Weeds Conference, 13-18 September 1981, Pages: p. 113-114. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1981 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Trees of Golden Gate Park [California]. 19. Tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima [Varieties] |
| Author: McClintock, E. |
| Source: Pacific horticulture. Fall 1981. v. 42 (3) Pages: p. 16-18. ill. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1981 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Growth responses of Ailanthus altissima seedlings to SO2. |
| Author: Marshall, P. E. and G. R. Furnier. |
| Source: Environ. Poll. Ser. A:149-153. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1981 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Growth characteristics of male female plants of Ailanthus altissima and their uses in silviculture (in China). [title translated from Chinese] |
| Author: Song, M.L., Song, Z.Z. and Guo, X.J. |
| Source: Lin yeh k'o chi t'ung hs'un = Forest science and technology. June 1981. (6) Pages: p. 16-17. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1981 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Carbohydrate and nitrogen compounds and resistance to drought in Ailanthus altissima. |
| Author: Dubroca, E. and G. Bory. |
| Source: Biochem Syst. Ecol 9(4):283-288 (in French) Edition Date: 88-11-30 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1981 |
| Abstract: none |
| Title: The Complete Trees of North America: Field Guide and Natural History. |
| Author: Elias, T. |
| Source: Book Division, Times Mirror Magazines, Inc. New York. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1980 |
| Abstract: none |
| Title: Production, dissemination and polymorphism of seeds in Ailanthus altissima. |
| Author: Bory, G. and D. Clair-Maczulajtys. |
| Source: Revue Generale de Botanique 88(1049/1051): 297-311. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1980 |
| Abstract: none |
| Title: Ailanthus. |
| Author: Hu, S. Y. |
| Source: Arnoldia 39(2):29-50 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1979 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: External morphology and distinguishing characters of male and female pupae of Ailanthus webworm, Atteva fabriciella Swed. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). |
| Author: Singh, P. |
| Source: Indian Forester Jan 1979. v. 105 (1) Pages: p. 36-40. ill. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1979 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Foliar response of eleven woody species to ozone with emphasis on black cherry. |
| Author: Davis, D. D., C. A. Miller, and J. B. Coppolino. |
| Source: Proc. Am. Phytopath. Soc. [Abstract NE-22] 4:185. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1978 |
| Abstract: None |
| Title: A mermithid parasite of Attera fabricella. |
| Author: Misra, R. M. |
| Source: Indian Forester 104(2):133-134. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1978 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Present weed control projections for the year 2001. |
| Author: Watson, H. K. |
| Source: Unpublished manuscript. Copy on file at The Nature Conservancy, California Field Office, 785 Market Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94103. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1977 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Ionic balance and the resistance of ornamental trees and shrubs to NaCl]. |
| Author: Brogowski, A., A.Czerwinski, and J. Pracz. |
| Source: Roczniki. Nauk Roniczych A 102(2):51-64. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1977 |
| Abstract: none |
| Title: Afforestation of saline soils in the Sal'skaya steppes. |
| Author: Selenin, A. V. |
| Source: Lesnoe Khozyaistro 9:79-81 (in Russian). |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1976 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The history of five exotic weeds in North Carolina. |
| Author: Patterson, D. T. |
| Source: Castanea 41(2):177-180 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1976 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: An evaluation of trees and shrubs for planting surface mine spoils. |
| Author: Plass, W. T. |
| Source: USDA For. Serv. N. E. For. Exper. Stat. Res. Paper N. E. 317. 8 pp. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1975 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Ailanthus altissima. Schopmeyer, C.S., ed. Seeds of Woody Plants of the United States. |
| Author: Little, S. |
| Source: USDA, Agriculture Handbook 450. Washington, DC. 201-202 |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1974 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Genetic differences between American and Chinese Ailanthus seedlings. |
| Author: Feret, P. P. and R. L. Bryant. |
| Source: Silvae Genetica 23(5):144-148. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1974 |
| Abstract: None |
| Title: Cultivated trees and forest weeds. |
| Author: Magic, D. |
| Source: Acta Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Slov. (Czechoslovakia) 1A:33-38 (in Slovakian). Marc C. Hoshovsky, CAFO (1988) |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1974 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: A California flora and supplement. |
| Author: Munz, P.A., and D.D. Keck. |
| Source: Univ. California Press, Berkeley, CA. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1973 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Early flowering in Ailanthus. |
| Author: Feret, P. P. |
| Source: Forest Sci. 19(3):237-9. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1973 |
| Abstract: none |
| Title: Salt resistance of species on the coast of the Sea of Azov. |
| Author: Kozyukina, Ah.T. and V. I. Bolkov. |
| Source: Lesnoe Khozyaistro 9:33-36 (in Russian). |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1973 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: A field guide to trees and shrubs. |
| Author: Petrides, G. A. |
| Source: Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Publishing Company; 1972. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1972 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Cristulariella pyramidalis in Florida: an extension of range and new hosts. |
| Author: French, W. J. |
| Source: Plant Disease Report 56(2): 135-138. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1972 |
| Abstract: None |
| Title: Initial behavior of Ailanthus altissima in experimental plantation |
| Author: Cozzo, D. |
| Source: Revista Forestal Argentina 16(2):47-52. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1972 |
| Abstract: None |
| Title: Defoliation of oak, maple and other woody plants with 2-chloro-ethyl phosphoric acid (68-240) and potassium iodide (KI). |
| Author: Sterrett, J. P., J. A. Baden, III, and J. T. Davis. |
| Source: Abstracts Proc. NE Weed Sci. Soc., NY 25:376. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1971 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. |
| Author: Radford, A. E.; Ahles, H. E.; Bell, C. R. |
| Source: Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1968 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Tre-Hold: A tree paint for controlling regrowth of the sprout after trimming. |
| Author: Amechem Products, Inc. |
| Source: Info Sheet Amechem Products #34. 2 pp. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1967 |
| Abstract: None |
| Title: Shade tolerance in flowering plants. |
| Author: Grime, J. P. |
| Source: Nature 208:161-163. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1965 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Weed identification and control: Broom. |
| Author: Matthews, L. J. |
| Source: New Zealand J. Agriculture 100(3):229. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1960 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: A toxic principle in the leaves of ailanthus. |
| Author: Merger, F. |
| Source: Botanical Gazette 121:32-36 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1959 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Ailanthus glanulosa (tree of heaven) as a pulpwood. Part II. |
| Author: Adamik, K. J. and F. E. Brauns. |
| Source: Tappi 40(7):522-527. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1957 |
| Abstract: Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle contains one or more phytotoxic compounds in roots and leaves. Activity is higher in roots, where it occurs primarily in bark. Powdered root bark and leaflets strongly inhibited growth of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) when mixed with soil in Petri dishes (ID sub(50) values = 0.03 g root bark, 0.6 g leaflet/dish). The toxic material was readily extracted by methanol but not dichloromethane. Pieces of root bark mixed with soil at 2, 1, and 0.5 g/pot reduced cress biomass in the greenhouse, whereas methanol-extracted root bark did not. The inhibitory effect of Ailanthus tissues in soil was short-lived ( less than or equal to 4 weeks in pots in greenhouse, less than or equal to 3 days in Petri dishes in laboratory). Inhibition by root bark was sometimes superseded by stimulation. Fresh Ailanthus root segments placed in or on soil reduced growth of nearby cress seedlings. The results suggest allelopathy caused by toxin exudation from roots may contribute to the aggressiveness and persistence of Ailanthus in certain habitats. |
| Title: The use of Ailanthus glandulosa as pulpwood. |
| Author: Adamik, K. J. |
| Source: Tappi 38(9): 150A-153A. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1955 |
| Abstract: None |
| Title: Illustrated flora of the Pacific states: Washington, Oregon, and California. Vol. III. Geraniaceae to Scrophulariaceae. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, California. 866 pp. |
| Author: Abrams, L. |
| Source: |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1951 |
| Abstract: None |
| Title: Weeds of California. |
| Author: Robbins, W. W., M. K. Bellue, and W. S. Ball. |
| Source: California Dept. Agric., Sacramento. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1951 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Illustrated flora of the Pacific states: Washington, Oregon, and California. Vol. III. Geraniaceae to Scrophulariaceae. |
| Author: Abrams, L. |
| Source: Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, California. 866 pp. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1951 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Trees of minor importance for western planning. |
| Author: Koffer, C. A. |
| Source: Gorden and Forest. 8:122-123. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1895 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The Ailanthus. |
| Author: Sargent, C. S. |
| Source: Garden and Forest 1888:1385-1386 |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1888 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Ailanthus: variation, cultivation, and frustration. |
| Author: Feret, P.P. |
| Source: |
| Source Type: NA |
| Publication Date: |
| Abstract: none Ailanthus altissima |
| Title: Relationship between the stomatal diffusive resistance of the leaves and the air-filtering. |
| Author: Bian-Yong-Mei-Huang-Zhi-Yuan; Zhao-Shu-Xin |
| Source: None |
| Source Type: NA |
| Publication Date: |
| Abstract: none |
| Title: Biomass and nutrient uptake of Ailanthus excelsa as affected by N and P fertilization on an aridisol. |
| Author: Gupta, G.N. |
| Source: NA |
| Source Type: NA |
| Publication Date: |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Ericulture |
| Author: Chowdhury, Satyendra Narayan. |
| Source: Titabar, 68 l. illus. Bibliography: leaves 58-62 Ailanthus moth. Ailanthus moth. Saturniidae. India -- Sericulture. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: |
| Abstract: None |
| Title: The checkered career of Ailanthus altissima. |
| Author: Shah-Behula |
| Source: NA |
| Source Type: NA |
| Publication Date: |
| Abstract: NA |
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