SAIN Invasive Plant Pests Resource Collection for: Red sorrel
Species (scientific name): Rumex acetosella
| Title: Root sprouting in Rumex acetosella under different nutrient levels. |
| Author: Klimes-Leos {a}; Klimesova-Jitka {a}. |
| Source: Plant-Ecology. April, 1999; 141 (1-2): 33-39. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: Growth of Rumex acetosella, a root sprouting plant, was studied in a pot experiment. Each plant of R. acetosella consisted of two ramets which were interconnected by a root about 9 cm long. One of the ramets was placed in a compartment with nutrient-rich soil, the other with nutrient-poor soil. The root connection between the ramets either remained intact or was severed at the nutrient interface after planting. Growth of new roots was prevented at the nutrient interface. The presence of a connection between the ramets did not affect biomass or shoot production in either soil compartment, indicating a poor integration of the interconnected plant systems. In the nutrient-rich environment, two to four times more shoots and biomass were produced than in the low nutrient regime. A large proportion of buds initiated on roots remained dormant, forming a bud bank. When the number of shoots or buds was expressed per g of root dry weight or per m of root length, the nutrient response was nolonger evident or, in a few cases, a significant effect in the opposite direction was obtained. These results show that the greater production of buds and shoots in the nutrient-rich environment reflected an allometric relationship between root biomass and the number of buds and shoots initiated on the roots. |
| Title: (Rumex acetosella L. population variations during secondary succession: II. Change of relations of intra- and interspecific concurrence.). Variations de populations de Rumex acetosella L. au cours d'une succession secondaire: II. Evolution des relations |
| Author: Escarre,-J.; Houssard,-C. |
| Source: ACTA-OECOL.-OECOL.-PLANT.. 1989. vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 111-121. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: The hypothesis has been tested that in the dioecious species, Rumex acetosella L., an evolution in competitive interaction between the two sexual forms or with other species may occur along the course of a post-cultural succession. The general trend is as follows: in the two sites, competitive relationships between pairs of males and females of Rumex from old stages experienced less competitive reduction in relative yields than those from younger stages. This tends to confirm the commonly assumed idea that selection pressures from competition, usually result in the evolution of niche differentiation in the component species. Nevertheless, competitive interactions between males or females of Rumex and Holcus vary with the site or with the age of the community. |
| Title: Effects of sulphadimethoxine on cosmopolitan weeds (Amaranthus retroflexus L., Plantago major L. and Rumex acetosella L.). |
| Author: Migliore-Luciana {a}; Civitareale-Cinzia; Brambilla-Gianfranco; Cozzolino-Salvatore; Casoria-Paolo; Gaudio-Luciano. |
| Source: Agriculture-Ecosystems-and-Environment. Oct. 13, 1997; 65 (2) 163-168. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: Animal wastes from intensive farming are generally collected for field fertilisation. They may contain drugs that can become soil pollutants. The effect of such contamination on terrestrial biota has been demonstrated in laboratory tests on different plant species, using a common antimicrobial, sulphadimethoxine. In the near future, the monitoring of antimicrobial contamination in arable lands and their crops will be of importance for the protection of natural ecosystems and consumers. A possible tool for this monitoring is the use of weeds that can constitute a 'mesh' from which antimicrobial contamination can be detected. In laboratory tests, some direct effects of sulphadimethoxine contamination were demonstrated on normal development and growth of three cosmopolitan weed species, Amaranthus retroflexus L., Plantago major L. and Rumex acetosella L. These effects depended on the very high accumulation rates in plants (thousand mug g-1). P. major accumulated the highest amount of drug followed by A. retroflexus and R. acetosella. These data further highlight the environmental risk of sludge application on soils and the possible contamination of food nets; but also give a potential tool for the monitoring of antimicrobial soil contamination. |
| Title: Effects of soil fertility level and cutting frequency on interference among Hieracium pilosella, H. praealtum, Rumex acetosella, and Festuca novae-zelandiae. |
| Author: Fan-Jiangwen {a}; Harris-Warwick. |
| Source: New-Zealand-Journal-of-Agricultural-Research. 1996; 39 (1) 1-32. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: The role of ecological factors in the invasion of fescue tussock grassland by Hieracium species was investigated in a box experiment. Soil fertility and cutting frequency effects on interference between the introduced flat weeds Hieracium pilosella, H. praealtum, and Rumex acetosella and the native bunch grass Festuca novae-zelandiae established on a denuded soil were examined using a model and technique involving stress and disturbance gradients. The weed species showed marked biomass and phenological responses to increased availability of mineral nutrients compared to F. novae-zelandiae, which had reduced yield at the highest level of soil fertility. At high soil fertility, R. acetosella suppressed both Hieracium species and F. novae-zelandiae, probably because it competed more effectively for light. Cutting frequency also influenced the pattern of interference between the species by effects on competition for light, vegetative spread, and partitioning of biomass to parts of the plants above and near or below ground. Characteristics that have enabled Hieracium species to be successful invaders of tussock grasslands include markedly phasic growth coincident with the time of year when temperature, water, and nutrients are least limiting, ability to respond rapidly in vegetative and reproductive growth to pulses of mineral nutrient availability, and growth habits that enable them to invade and then hold on to sites they have occupied. Once they have occupied inter-tussock spaces it appears that hawkweeds can competitively exclude tussocks. The pattern of Hieracium root distribution and seasonal periodicity of the activity of their root systems may be important in the process of competitive exclusion of tussock grasses. |
| Title: Variation and covariation among life-history traits in Rumex acetosella from a successional old-field gradient.. |
| Author: Houssard-Claudie {a}; Escarre-Jose. |
| Source: Oecologia-Berlin 1995; 102 (1) 70-80. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: In this study morphological variation and the potential for competition to affect biomass and seedling selection of the families of five populations of Rumex acetosella L. sampled along a successional old-field gradient have been investigated. Seeds from 25 families were submitted to four competitive regimes: no competition (one plant per pot), medium competition (two plants/ pot taking plants from the same population), high within-population competition (four individuals from the same population in a pot) and high between-population competition (four individuals from two different populations in a pot). Eight traits were analysed after 3 months of growth for variation among families within populations. A significant difference among families within the two older populations was recorded for sexual biomass and related components. High sensitivity of these traits to density was observed in all populations except the youngest, suggesting specialization to particular environmental conditions in late successional populations, and a good adaptive capacity to buffer environmental variation in the pioneer population. Little significant interaction between competitive regimes and families within populations was found, i.e. genotypes within each population showed little variation in their response to environmental variation. Genotypic variance decreased with increasing competitive conditions for the majority of the traits. However, the percentage of variance in sexual reproduction explained by family was stable among treatments. Tradeoffs between vegetative reproduction and sexual reproduction were recorded at the population level along the successional gradient, with increasing competitive conditions. As succession proceeds, we observed a decrease in sexual reproduction and an increase in vegetative reproduction. At the family level, correlation among traits were similar when plants were grown in the absence of competition and at high density, with a significant negative correlation between sexual reproduction and vegetative reproduction. For both sprout number and sexual biomass, the performance of families grown under all the treatments was positively correlated. Together these results indicate allocational constraints on the reproductive biology of R. acetosella that may be favoured by natural selection and have influenced population differentiation along the successional gradient. However, they also revealed that the potential exists for evolutionary specialization through plasticity, in response to variation in environmental conditions. |
| Title: Geographical differentiation in allozyme variation in Rumex acetosella subspecies acetosella and angiocarpus. |
| Author: Korpelainen-H. |
| Source: Weed-Research. 1995; 35 (5) 413-419. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: Electrophoretic examination of the hexaploid Rumex acetosella L. revealed a substantial amount of genetic variation. Both the genotype frequencies and the distribution of genotypes varied greatly between populations. The North American populations of ssp. angiocarpus possessed less genetic variation than did the European populations of ssp. acetosella or angiocarpus, which may be due to the history of the species. The European populations of ssp. acetosella and angiocarpus appeared to be genetically more similar than the angiocarpus populations from different continents. It is likely that these two subspecies do hybridize when their populations are sympatric. The results do not confirm the presence of an association between morphometric and allozyme variation in R. acetosella. |
| Title: An experimental study of the role of seedling density and neighbor relatedness in the persistence of Rumex acetosella in an old-field succession. |
| Author: Escarre-Josep {a}; Houssard-Claudie; Thompson-John-D. |
| Source: Canadian-Journal-of-Botany. 1994; 72 (9) 1273-1281. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: Patterns in flowering and biomass allocation in seedlings of Rumex acetosella L. collected from five successional old fields, from I year old to 15 years old, have been examined in experimental pots varying in density (1, 2, and 4 plants/pot) and neighbor relatedness (sib, nonsib, other population) to determine the effects of successional habitat variation on patterns of resource allocation. The flowering of seedlings from the successionally young populations was not affected by density, whereas for seedlings from the older populations, increased density was correlated with increased variation in flower and seed production both within and between populations. At high density, seedlings from the successionally youngest population showed the greatest allocation of resources to flowering. As a result, differentiation along the successional gradient was such that the younger populations invested a greater proportion of resources to aerial biomass, while the older populations allocated relatively more resources to vegetative propagation. These trends were maintained at high density. The results of the sibling competition treatment showed no consistent trend related to the age of the populations but were density dependent. At high density, sexual biomass was higher between nonsibs than between sibs of the same population, suggesting greater competition among related plants. Finally, the sexual biomass of individual plants was less in competition with seedlings from a different population than with seedlings from the same population. Sprout biomass showed the reverse trend. The observed differentiation between successionally different populations in resource allocation irrespective of density may account for these results. Overall, our results provide evidence for biotic specialization of R. acetosella in relation to successional habitat change. |
| Title: Vegetative growth in Rumex Acetosella (Polygonaceae) originating from different geographic regions. |
| Author: Korpelainen-Helena. |
| Source: Plant-Systematics-and-Evolution. 1993; 188 (1-2) 115-123. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: Vegetative growth patterns of Rumex acetosella L. were investigated both in experimental conditions and in the field. Plants originating from geographically and ecologically contrasting areas expressed significant differentiation in height, weight, and leaf production, even at early stages. The plants belonging to subsp. angiocarpus grew taller than other plants. The differences among populations grown in a uniform environment provide evidence for genetic differentiation in morphology. Plants in natural populations were considerably lighter than experimental plants, which intensively produced a large number of rosette leaves. These differences can be attributed to substantial phenotypic plasticity. When the correlation structure among the growth traits was analyzed, seed weight and early plant size appeared to influence future plant size. |
| Title: Capacity of colonization of Rumex acetosella L. (sheep sorrel) in disturbed communities. |
| Author: Dollenz-A-Orlando. |
| Source: Anales-del-Instituto-de-la-Patagonia-Serie-Ciencias-Naturales. 1991 (1993); 20 (0) 61-67. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1991 |
| Abstract: Characteristics of the sexual and asexual propagules of Rumex acetosella L. are described. They could explain the known capacity of colonization of this species on open spaces by severe disturbances in herbaceous communities of Magallanes, Chile. The following characteristics of the seed were considered: seed production, syndrome of dispersion, size and weight, density and frequence on the soil, potential of germination. Also, the life form and herbivory of the species are described. |
| Title: Germination ecology and survival strategy of Rumex acetosella (Polygonaceae) on drought-exposed rock outcrops in south Finland. |
| Author: Hintikka,-V. |
| Source: ANN.-BOT.-FENN. 1990. vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 205-215. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: The germination of Rumex acetosella L. s.l. was studied in the laboratory and in nature. The proportion of dormant seeds was 46-99%. Seeds buried in nylon gauze bags in forest humus and peat remained dormant and viable up to 14 1/2 years. When kept on continuously moist quartz sand in the laboratory, the seeds remained dormant for at least 5 years. Germination was induced in dormant seeds by drying and remoistening. The lower the relative humidity during drying, the higher was the germination rate. Fluctuating temperatures (8 h + 30 degree or +22 degree C/16 h +5 degree or +10 degree C for 7 cycles) promoted germination much less effectively (0.65%) than drying and remoistening (17.0%). Germination of dry seeds was greatly increased by heating to +80 degree C for 1-3 hours. On rock outcrops in South Finland, prolonged (1-2 months') droughts killed the vegetative parts of most vascular plants growing on the shallow soil, but after the first rains abundant seedlings of R. acetosella rapidly appeared. |
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