SAIN Invasive Plant Pests Resource Collection for: Johnson grass
Species (scientific name): Sorghum halepense
| Title: Economic comparison of herbicides for johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) control in glyphosate-tolerant soybean (Glycine max). |
| Author: McKinley-Tammy-L; Roberts-Roland-K {a}; Hayes-Robert-M; English-Burton-C. |
| Source: Weed-Technology. Jan.-March, 1999; 13 (1): 30-36. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: Returns to land, management, and risk were compared where glyphosate and four graminicides (quizalofop-P, fluazifop-P, sethoxydim, and clethodim) were used for johnsongrass control in glyphosate-tolerant soybean. In 1994 and 1995, returns to land, management, and risk for glyphosate-tolerant soybean were highest using glyphosate and lowest using sethoxydim. Break-even analysis showed that yields needed for equivalent returns with any nontransgenic soybean cultivar treated with any of the graminicides could range from 67 kg/ha less to 202 kg/ha more than the yields achieved with glyphosate. Based on this methodology, farmers would increase their return to land, management, and risk by planting glyphosate-tolerant soybean if expected yield from a standard cultivar treated with a standard herbicide program were less than the break-even yield. |
| Title: Bromoxynil antagonizes Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) control with graminicides. |
| Author: Corkern-Chris-B {a}; Reynolds-Daniel-B; Vidrine-P-Roy; Griffin-James-L. |
| Source: Weed-Technology. April-June, 1998; 12 (2) 205-208. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: Field studies were conducted over 2 yr to evaluate rhizome johnsongrass control with tank mixtures and sequential applications of bromoxynil at 1.7 kg ai/ha and the graminicides clethodim, fluazifop-P, and quizalofop-P. When compared with the graminicide alone, bromoxynil reduced johnsongrass control 28 days after treatment (DAT) 20, 36, and 55% when applied in combination with clethodim, fluazifop-P, and quizalofop-P, respectively. Application of bromoxynil 7, 3, and 1 d before or 1, 3, and 7 d after all graminicides reduced antagonism when compared with the bromoxynil plus graminicide mixtures. Based on johnsongrass control 28 DAT, antagonism was precluded when bromoxynil was applied 3 d before clethodim and 7 d before fluazifop-P and quizalofop-P. Application of bromoxynil 3 and 7 d after quizalofop-P and 7 d after clethodim also precluded antagonism. The antagonistic tank mixtures of bromoxynil and graminicides reduced cotton yield 17% because of reduced johnsongrass control compared with graminicides alone. A 3-d or greater application interval between bromoxynil and the graminicides was necessary to maximize cotton yield. |
| Title: Modeling seedling johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) emergence as influenced by temperature and burial depth. |
| Author: Prostko-Eric-P {a}; Wu-Hsini-I; Chandler-J-Michael. |
| Source: Weed-Science. Sept.-Oct., 1998; 46 (5) 549-554. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: Research was conducted to formulate a seedling johnsongrass emergence model as influenced by temperature and burial depth using the poikilotherm rate equation. A series of constant-temperature growth chamber experiments with johnsongrass seed buried at various depths in fritted clay was conducted to develop a temperature/burial emergence database. The poikilotherm rate equation was fit to the emergence data from burial depths of 0 to 2.5 cm at constant temperatures between 20 and 44 C. These data were then combined to formulate a single poikilotherm rate equation to model the emergence of seedling johnsongrass from 0 and 2.5 cm deep and 20 to 44 C. This combined model was validated against two independent emergence data sets with good results. |
| Title: Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) control and rainfastness with glyphosate and adjuvants. |
| Author: Miller-Donnie-K {a}; Griffin-James-L; Richard-Edward-P-Jr. |
| Source: Weed-Technology. Oct.-Dec., 1998; 12 (4) 617-622. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: Glyphosate and adjuvant combinations were applied to rhizome johnsongrass at vegetative and reproductive growth stages to evaluate control and rainfastness in field studies. Using a rainfall simulator delivering 1.3 cm of water in 15 min, plots received either no rainfall or rainfall 15 or 60 min after glyphosate was applied at 2.1 kg ai/ha in combination with the nonionic surfactants Kinetic(R) HV at 0.25% (v/v) or Induce(R) at 1.0% (v/v) or the silicone surfactant Break-Thru(R) at 0.125% (v/ v). Regardless of adjuvant, rainfall 15 or 60 min after application reduced johnsongrass control compared with no rainfall. Johnsongrass control 14 d after treatment at the reproductive stage was at least 89% with no rainfall, but no more than 53 and 65% with rainfall at 15 and 60 min, respectively. Based on initial weed control, adjuvants did not consistently improve rainfastness. Johnsongrass regrowth did not occur when glyphosate was applied with either adjuvant. In contrast, for glyphosate applied to johnsongrass in the vegetative stage, addition of Break-Thru improved control over Induce at both 15- and 60-min rainfall timings in one of two experiments. With no rainfall, addition of Kinetic HV and Break-Thru increased johnsongrass control in only one experiment. For application at the vegetative stage, johnsongrass regrowth averaged across rainfall timings was no more than 10%. In other field experiments, glyphosate at 1.4 kg/ha plus nonionic surfactants, silicone surfactant, crop oil concentrate, methylated seed oil, or a blend of silicone surfactant and methylated seed oil were equally effective in reducing johnsongrass regrowth when applied after seedhead emergence. Improved control of vegetative johnsongrass with some adjuvants was not reflected in decreased regrowth. |
| Title: Fermentation characteristics of Johnson grass ensiled at two regrowth periods with silage additives. |
| Author: Rodriguez, A.A. Rust, S.R. Riquelme, E.O. |
| Source: Tropical agriculture. OCT 01 1998 v 75 n 4 457. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Ground Johnson grass hay and long hay addition to total mixed rations for dairy cows. |
| Author: Acevedo, R. Randel, P.F. |
| Source: The journal of agriculture of the university of JAN 01 1997 v 81 n 1 / 2 31. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Predicting flowering of rhizome johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) populations using a temperature-dependent model. |
| Author: Holshouser-David-L {a}; Chandler-James-M. |
| Source: Weed-Science. 1996; 44 (2) 266-272. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: Research was conducted to formulate a temperature-dependent population-level model for rhizome johnsongrass flowering. A nonlinear poikilotherm rate equation was used to describe development as a function of temperature and a temperature-independent Weibull function was used to distribute development times for the population. Johnsongrass flowering data were collected under constant temperature conditions to parameterize the poikilotherm rate equation and Weibull function. Coupling the poikilotherm rate equation with the Weibull function resulted in a population level temperature-dependent model. The model was validated against independent field data sets. The model accurately predicted rhizome johnsongrass flowering from plants emerging in the spring. The model performed poorly for plants emerging in summer. Adjustments to the high-temperature inhibition parameter of the poikilotherm rate equation improved model performance in the summer without affecting spring predictions. Nomenclature: Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. -3 SORHA. |
| Title: Introduction of Johnson Grass. |
| Author: XXXX. |
| Source: Small farmer's journal. Fall 1996 v 20 n 4 34. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Temperature-dependent model for non-dormant seed germination and rhizome bud break of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). |
| Author: Holshouser-David-L {a}; Chandler-James-M; Wu-Hsin-I. |
| Source: Weed-Science. 1996; 44 (2) 257-265. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: Research was conducted to formulate a temperature-dependent population level model for johnsongrass seed germination and rhizome bud break. A nonlinear poikilotherm rate equation was used to describe development rate as a function of temperature, and a temperature-independent Weibull function was used to distribute development times for the population. Seed germination and initiation of rhizome bud break of johnsongrass were collected under constant temperature conditions to parameterize the model. Seed germination rate increased with temperature up to 36 C, then declined at 40 C. Rate of rhizome bud break increased with temperature up to 32 C, then rapidly decreased with further temperature increases. Rate of rhizome bud break was higher than for seed germination at temperatures of 32 C or below, but lower at higher temperatures. Time to first germination or bud break event was longer for seed than for rhizomes, but subsequent progression of development was higher for seed. A population level temperature-dependent model was developed by coupling the poikilotherm equation with the Weibull function. The model was validated against two independent seed germination and three independent rhizome bud germination data sets. Nomenclature: Johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. -3 SORHA. |
| Title: Host range and evaluation of an isolate of Exserohilum turcicum on some populations of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). |
| Author: Del-Serrone-P {a}; Fornasari-L. |
| Source: Biological control of weeds. 1996; : 487-492.Delfosse-E-S; Scott-R-R: Eds CSIRO Publications, 314 Albert Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia1996VIII International Symposium, Canterbury, New Zealand, February 2-7, 1992. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Seasonal differences in carbohydrate and glyphosate accumulation in the rhizomes of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). |
| Author: Lourens-A-F {a}; Bayer-D-E. |
| Source: Applied-Plant-Science. 1996; 10 (2) 37-41. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: Johnsongrass plants (Sorghum halepense) grown in a greenhouse in the autumn showed less regrowth from glyphosate treatments than plants grown in the summer or spring. No new shoot or rhizome regrowth occurred from any of the rhizome buds and regrowth of shoots was initiated only from buds of the crown tissue. Treatment of six-week-old plants with 14C-glyphosate showed that a higher percentage of 14C-glyphosate accumulated in the rhizomes of plants grown in the autumn compared to plants grown in the summer or spring. Similarly, 14CO-2-treated plants showed a higher percentage of 14C-assimilate accumulation in the rhizomes of plants grown in the autumn. The 14C-assimilate distribution in rhizomes was highest in apical regions and buds, and lowest in crown tissue. The weak carbon sink in the crown tissue was confirmed by a lower level of 14C-glyphosate accumulation in the crown. The average 14C-glyphosate level in crown tissue of treated plants grown in the autumn was higher than those of plants grown in the summer or spring, which resulted in an increased level of control. |
| Title: The weediness of wild plants: Molecular analysis of genes influencing dispersal and persistence of johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. |
| Author: Paterson-Andrew-H {a}; Schertz-Keith-F; Lin-Yann-Rong; Liu-Sin-Chieh; Chang-Yueh-Long. |
| Source: Proceedings-of-the-National-Academy-of-Sciences-of-the-United-States-of-America. 1995; 92 (13) 6127-6131. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: Many major weeds rely upon vegetative dispersal by rhizomes and seed dispersal by "shattering" of the mature inflorescence. We report molecular analysis of these traits in a cross between cultivated and wild species of Sorghum that are the probable progenitors of the major weed "johnsongrass." By restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping, variation in the number of rhizomes producing above-ground shoots was associated with three quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Variation in regrowth (ratooning) after overwintering was associated with QTLs accounting for additional rhizomatous growth and with QTLs influencing tillering. Vegetative buds that become rhizomes are similar to those that become tillers-one QTL appears to influence the number of such vegetative buds available, and additional independent genes determine whether individual buds differentiate into tillers or rhizomes. DNA markers described herein facilitate cloning of genes associated with weediness, comparative study of rhizomatousness in other Poaceae, and assessment of gene flow between cultivated and weedy sorghums-a risk that constrains improvement of sorghum through biotechnology. Cloning of "weediness" genes may create opportunities for plant growth regulation, in suppressing propagation of weeds and enhancing productivity of major forage, turf, and "ratoon" crops. |
| Title: Spore production by Helminthosporium triseptatum and its use for biological control of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). |
| Author: Iracheta-Cardenas-Maria-Magdalena; Galan-Wong-Luis-J; Pereyra-Alferez-Benito {a}. |
| Source: Revista-Latinoamericana-de-Microbiologia. 1995; 37 (2) 101-108. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: The spore production by Helminthosporium triseptatum and its pathogenic effect on johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) were evaluated. The total biomass production was increased with increasing V8 juice concentration, but not the spore density. So, while spore production in cultures containing 10% and 20% was of 0.39 and 0.90 mg/ml respectively, in cultures with 5 and 40% the spore production was only of 0.07 mg/ml. Data from pathogenic and host range tests show that when inoculum concentrations of 1 times 10-5 spores/ml were applied on johnsongrass seedlings, the fungi caused 72% of dry weight reduction, the number of nodes, rhizomes and stolons were reduced in 41%, 63% and 100%, respectively. H. triseptatum was host-specific, because it did not infect any of five commercial sorghum hybrids, (WAC-694, Pioneer 8226, NK-2670, FunKSG-522 and Master-gold), wheat (Triticum aestivum), corn (Zea mays), quelite (Amaranthus sp) and correhuela (Ipomea sp). |
| Title: Influence of herbicide application rate and timings for post-emergence control of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. in maize. |
| Author: Eleftherohorinos-I-G {a}; Kotoula-Syka-E. |
| Source: Weed-Research. 1995; 35 (2) 99-103. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: Field experiments were carried out in Greece from 1990 to 1992 to study the effect of application timing and rate of nicosulfuron and rimsulfuron on Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. control and maize yield. All herbicide rates are given in terms of active ingredient (a.i.). Nicosulfuron applied at 22.5, 30.0 and 37.5 g ha-1 to S. halepense at height 20-35 cm provided greater than 93% control 90 days after treatment, while rimsulfuron applied at 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 g ha-1 resulted in 81-91% control. Split applications of nicosulfuron and rimsulfuron, as well as tank-mixtures of nicosulfuron+rimsulfuron, gave 91-94% control. Maize yield in all herbicide treatments was greater than that of the weed-infested control and similar to that of the hand-weeded control. S. halepense control with nicosulfuron and rimsulfuron applied to plants 20-35 cm tall was greater than that obtained with their application to plants 5-15, 10-20 or 35-60 cm tall. Rates of 10 and 20 g ha-1 of rimsulfuron provided control of S. halepense similar to or significantly lower than that achieved with 30 and 60 g ha-1 of nicosulfuron, respectively. Maize yield produced by all herbicide treatments applied at any time was significantly greater than that of the weed-infested control. |
| Title: Effects of light and temperature intensity on reemergence of Sorghum halepense. |
| Author: Veljkovic-Branislav. |
| Source: Zastita-Bilja. 1995; 46 (2) 121-126. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: Several years investigations on herbicide kvizalofop-etyl and fenoksaprop-etyl on Sorghum halepense in sugar-beet and pears were carried out. The efficiency of these herbicides was very good in sugar-beet and weak in pears, although they were applied in the same quantities and almost in the same way. In order to clear up the difference in the efficiency, the misurations of light and temperature intensity as the most important factors for this kind of occurrence were carried out. It was proved that those two ecological parameters were decisive in the retrovegetation of Sorghum halepense. Namely, as an extreme heliofit and thermofit this species had favorable light and temperature conditions during the whole vegetation period in pear, due to the way of growing. In contrast to pear, in sugar-beet favorable conditions lasted only until the crop closed the rows. |
| Title: Using canopy attributes to evaluate competition between Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. and soybean. |
| Author: Vitta-J-I {a}; Satorre-E-H; Leguizamon-E-S. |
| Source: Weed-Research. 1994; 34 (2) 89-97. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: In this paper we analyze competition between soybean and Sorghum halepense through evaluation of canopy attributes. Field experiments were conducted during three years. An additive design was used, combining different densities of S. halepense tillers with a single density of soybean. Monocultures of both species were also established. There was a significant linear relationship between the relative leaf area of the weed (R-w) and its relative contribution to the total biomass of the mixture, measured early in the crop growth cycle. Crop and weed canopies in monocultures developed simultaneously. The crop and the weed started to compete at a thermal time 230-350 degree C days after sowing, coincident with the onset of active net growth of S. halepense biomass. The relationship between crop yield and R-w was always linear and the slope varied according to crop sowing date. The results suggest that the evaluation of R-w may be a simple and non-destructive way of predicting soybean yield losses. |
| Title: Effects of shade on reproduction and some morphological characteristics of Abutilon theophrasti Medicus, Datura stramonium L. and Sorghum halepense L. Pers. |
| Author: Benvenuti-S {a}; Macchia-M; Stefani-A {a}. |
| Source: Weed-Research. 1994; 34 (4) 283-288. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: Relations between availability of fight and reproductive activity in several of the most damaging summer weeds (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus, Datura stramonium L., Sorghum halepense L. Pers.) were studied, in order to investigate seed production capacity of these weed species in the unfavorable conditions occurring under a crop canopy simulated by shade cloths. Decrease in seed production under shading appeared to be due to a decrease in the number of fruits per plant, while the quantity of seed per fruit proved to be fairly stable. Biomass partitioning within the plant reduced the percentage of dry matter accumulated in reproductive organs, leading to a marked decrease in the harvest index. Furthermore, shading caused a species-dependent delay in onset of the flowering and ripening stages. In Datura stramonium shading led to a greater decrease in seed production and, consequently, in the harvest index than in the other species examined. Finally, laboratory tests demonstrated that the percentage of dormant seeds remained unmodified in all species examined. |
| Title: Seed dispersal, distribution and recruitment of seedlings of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. |
| Author: Ghersa-C-M {a}; Martinez-Ghersa-M-A {a}; Satorre-E-H; Van-Esso-M-L; Chichotky-G. |
| Source: Weed-Research. 1993; 33 (1) 79-88. 1993. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: Patterns of seed dispersal and seedling recruitment of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. were compared in abandoned and cultivated fields in Argentina. In both the abandoned and cultivated plots, the greatest concentration of seed fell below, or only a short distance, from the parent plants. A maize combine harvester greatly increased the distance of dispersal of a small part of the seed population. The availability of seed for dispersal, the direction and velocity of wind and the combine harvester were important factors determining the temporal and spatial patterns of seed distribution. The ratio of recruited seedlings to seeds shed was only 1% under the parent plant, but increased to about 100% at a distance of 1.25 m. Soil tilling, which is required for seedling recruitment, and seed density were important factors in determining seedling density as the distance from the parent plants increased. The rate of seedling recruitment was higher in areas where most of the seeds were dispersed late in the season than in those where dispersal occurred early. |
| Title: Preemergence control of itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) with pendimethalin and prodiamine. |
| Author: Millhollon-Rex-W. |
| Source: Weed-Science. 1993; 41 (4) 621-626. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: Preemergence control of itchgrass in sugarcane with nonincorporated pendimethalin and prodiamine increased as rate for each herbicide increased from 2.2 to 3.4 kg ai ha-1. Itchgrass control at 3.4 kg ha-1 was similar for both herbicides, ranging from 78 to 94% (86% mean) for pendimethalin in six field experiments and 83 to 91% (86% mean) for prodiamine in three experiments. Incorporated trifluralin at 2.2 kg ha-1, the standard, gave 99% mean control of itchgrass. None of the nonincorporated treatments with pendimethalin or prodiamine consistently prevented a decrease in the sugarcane stalk population at harvest. Asulam applied postemergence at 3.7 kg ae ha-1 controlled itchgrass that survived the preemergence herbicides, and sugarcane stalk populations were maintained. Preemergence control of johnsongrass with nonincorporated treatments of pendimethalin or prodiamine at 2.8 kg ha-1, in a mixture with atrazine at 2.2 kg ai ha-1, ranged from 86 to 95% (89% mean) for pendimethalin and 80 to 95% (88% mean) for prodiamine. Metribuzin at 2.2 kg ha-1, the standard, gave 97% mean control of johnsongrass. Mixtures of pendimethalin with metribuzin or terbacil generally gave more effective control of johnsongrass than mixtures with atrazine. When used in conjunction with other herbicides, nonincorporated pendimethalin and prodiamine were effective alternatives to soil-incorporated treatments for weed control in sugarcane. Nomenclature: Sodium salt of asulam, methyl((4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl) carbamate; atrazine, 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine; metribuzin, 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one; pendimethalin, N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine; prodiamine, N-3,N-3-di-n-propyl-2,4-dinitro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-m-phenylenediamine; terbacil, 5-chloro-3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione; trifluralin, 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine; itchgrass, Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton (=Rottboellia exaltata (Lour.) Clayton) -3 ROOEX; johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. SORHA; sugarcane, interspecific hybrids of Saccharum. |
| Title: Spread of water and oil droplets on Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) leaves. |
| Author: McWhorter-Chester-G; Ouzts-Clark; Hanks-James-E. |
| Source: Weed-Science. 1993; 41 (3) 460-467. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: Comparative spread of droplets of several different oils and water with different adjuvants on leaf surfaces was investigated. Spread was better on the lower surface of johnsongrass leaves than on upper leaf surfaces with nine of 14 oils studied; two spread best on upper leaf surfaces, and three were equal in spread on both surfaces. Differences in spread coefficients did not appear to be directly related to surface tension, viscosity, or mid-boiling point of the oils. Soybean or cottonseed oils did not spread as well as petroleum oils but methylated soybean and sunflower oils had high spread coefficients on both upper and lower leaf surfaces. All but one petroleum-base oil spread three to four times better on leaf surfaces than on oil-sensitive paper. Water mixtures of an organosilicone surfactant spread much better on water-sensitive paper and on johnsongrass leaves than water with conventional adjuvants, but spread of paraffinic oils exceeded that of any water-adjuvant mixture. Spread coefficients of most petroleum-base oils were better on lower than upper leaf surfaces. Spread usually increased as the age of leaves increased from 14 to 56 d. Water droplets with adjuvant had at least an 86% weight loss after 6 min, but low volatile paraffinic oil droplets had little weight loss 2 d after application. |
| Title: Effect of spray volume and pressure on postemergence johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) control. |
| Author: McWhorter-Chester-G; Hanks-James-E. |
| Source: Weed-Technology. 1993; 7 (2) 304-310. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: Fenoxaprop, fluazifop/fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, and quizalofop at 0.14 kg ai ha-1 and sethoxydim at 0.28 kg ai ha-1 were applied broadcast over-the-top in spray volumes of 94 and 374 L ha-1, each at 138 and 345 kPa, to control johnsongrass in soybeans over a 5-yr period. The two spray volumes provided equal control, but control was better when treatments were applied at 345 kPa than at 138 kPa. There were no significant interactions among herbicides, spray volumes, or spray pressures. Most of the spray was deposited on the upper surface of the plant canopy. Less than 10% of the herbicide spray applied penetrated into the canopy onto water-sensitive spray cards located 10, 20, 30, or 40 cm above the ground. |
| Title: GA 16-yr survey on levels of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. |
| Author: McWhorter-Chester-. |
| Source: Weed-Science. 1993; 41 (4) 669-677. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: A survey was conducted in Mississippi from 1976 and in Arkansas and Louisiana from 1977 through 1991 to determine annual variation of johnsongrass infestation in cotton and soybean fields. The survey route was 1534 km long. Levels of johnsongrass infestation were estimated in 752 +- 296 cotton fields and 884 +- 407 soybean fields in each year of the survey. The area of fields surveyed annually was 47 000 +- 21 000 ha of cotton and 52 000 +- 19 000 ha of soybeans. Johnsongrass was present in 55 to 90% of the cotton fields. The percent of cotton fields with johnsongrass was about the same in 1991 as in 1976-77. About 90% of the soybean fields in Mississippi and Louisiana had johnsongrass, but only 70 to 80% of soybeans fields in Arkansas had johnsongrass. Soybean fields with 1 to 5% levels of infestation increased slightly in Mississippi but remained about the same in Arkansas and Louisiana. Soybean fields with infestations of 6% or more slightly decreased in Arkansas and Louisiana but not in Mississippi. It was estimated that johnsongrass reduces the average annual value of harvested cotton 5.8 +- 1.9 million and soybeans 23.7 +- 0.6 million in the three states. Nomenclature: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.; johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. -3 SORHA. |
| Title: Changes in dormancy level in Sorghum halepense seeds induced by water stress during seed development. |
| Author: Benech-Arnold-R-L {a}; Fenner-M; Edwards-P-J. |
| Source: Functional-Ecology. 1992; 6 (5) 596-605. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: Dormancy in Sorghum halepense seeds as affected by intermittent water stress imposed on the mother plant during seed development was investigated. The drought treatment was imposed in cycles within the maturation period by withholding water for 5 days, rewatering at the end of each drought cycle and withholding water again. The results showed that two sources of dormancy exist in S. halepense seeds: one is inherent in the caryopsis itself and is not afected by water stress during seed development. The other is imposed by the presence of the glumes which cover the caryopsis completely, and is susceptible to removal by drought during seed development. As a result dormancy levels in seeds that had matured in water-stressed mother plants were lower than those recorded in control seeds. Differences in dormancy level were maintained even after 3 months of moist chilling. An attempt was made to identify the nature of the inhibitory properties found in glumes from spikelets that had ripened in well-watered mother plants, and to explain the lack of glume-imposed dormancy in droughted seeds. No water-soluble germination inhibitor was detected in control glumes, and imbibition of the caryopses was shown not to be prevented by the presence of control glumes. However, results obtained with experiments in which oxygen uptake by different parts of the spikelets was measured, suggested that control glumes might be acting as an effecting barrier for the satisfaction of oxygen requirements of the caryopses enclosed within them. It is concluded that water stress during seed development reduces dormancy of S. halepense seeds through modifications in the properties of the glumes that, apparently, result in an enhancement of their permeability to oxygen diffusion. We discuss the ecological implications of the observed responses. |
| Title: Plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis from inflorescence cultures of Sorghum halepense L. Per.[Johnson Grass]. |
| Author: George, Leela Eapen, Susan Rao, P.S. |
| Source: Indian journal of experimental biology. JAN 01 1991 v 29 n 1 16. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1991 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: `Cap Arcona' 3 May 1945: History and Allegory in Novels by Uwe Johnson and Gunter Grass. |
| Author: Bond, D. G. Preece, Julian. |
| Source: Journal Info Oxford german studies. 1991 v 20 / 21 147. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1991 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The pathogenicity, virulence, and biocontrol potential of two Bipolaris species on johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense ). |
| Author: Winder,-R.S.; Van-Dyke,-C.G. |
| Source: WEED-SCI. 1990. vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 89-94. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: Bipolaris sorghicola (isolate BS1) and an unidentified Bipolaris species (isolate BX1) were isolated from johnsongrass in North Carolina. Inoculum of BX1 was mass produced in solid and liquid cultures, whereas inoculum of BS1 could only be produced in solid cultures. In the greenhouse, isolate BS1 was more virulent on johnsongrass than isolate BX1. In growth chambers, increasing conidium concentration and younger plant ages interacted to increase virulence of BX1, as did interactions between inoculation, johnsongrass density, and low soil fertility. In Raleigh, NC, isolate BX1 caused very little damage in the field, with or without pretreatment with metolachlor. In Greenville, MS, isolate BX1 caused significant (52%) mortality to annual johnsongrass with very little damage to corn or grain sorghum. The biocontrol potential of the two organisms is uncertain. |
| Title: Monsanto Representative, Fresno, CA. |
| Author: Silberman, R. |
| Source: Telephone conversation with D. Newman, The Nature Conservancy, Tucson, AZ. September 28. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Extension Urban Horticulturist, Cooperative Extension Center, University of Arizona. |
| Author: Brookbank, G. |
| Source: Conversation with D. Newman, The Nature Conservancy, Tucson, Arizona. September 1, 1989. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Dynamics of Sorghum halepense seeds in the soil of an uncultivated field. |
| Author: Van-Esso,-M.L.; Ghersa,-C.M. |
| Source: CAN.-J.-BOT.-J.-CAN.-BOT. 1989. vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 940-944. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: The fate of a seed population of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. in the soil of an uncultivated area in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina (34 degree 06'S, 60 degree 25'W) was studied in terms of germination, decay, and losses due to seed predators. Seed dispersal significantly increased the seed density in the soil from December 30, 1981, until the end of March 1982. Thereafter, seed density decreased continuously until December 1982. This decay was well described by a negative exponential function. Germination and death of seed did not account for the decrease, but seed predation appeared to play the most important role in limiting the S. halepense seed population. |
| Title: Grasslands: history and revegetation projects. |
| Author: Newman, D. |
| Source: Memo in grasslands file, TNC, Tucson AZ. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Range Scientist, USDA, Aridland Watershed Management Research Unit. |
| Author: Cox, J. |
| Source: Conversation with D. Newman, The Nature Conservancy, Tucson, Arizona. September 30. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Weed Specialist, Department of Plant Science, University of Arizona. |
| Author: Heathman, S. |
| Source: Telephone conversation with D. Newman, The Nature Conservancy, Tucson, Arizona. September 12. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Bipolaris halepense : A new species from Sorghum halepense (Johnsongrass). |
| Author: Chiang,-Mou-Yen; Leonard,-K.J.; Gerald-van-Dyke,-C. |
| Source: MYCOLOGIA. 1989. vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 532-538. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: Bipolaris halepense sp. nov. from diseased leaves of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense ) in North Carolina is described. On leaves of susceptible johnsongrass plants, B. halepense induces ovate lesions 5-10 x 2-4 mm with straw-colored centers and dark-pigmented margins. Conidia of B. halepense are larger than those of B. sorghicola , which is a common foliar pathogen of Sorghum spp., and B. halepense has a much broader host range than B. sorghicola . In addition, the lesions of B. halepense on leaves of johnsongrass generally lack the zonate pattern typical of B. sorghicola lesions on johnsongrass. Morphologically, conidia of B. halepense most resemble those of B. maydis , a foliar pathogen of corn (Zea mays ), but B. halepense is only weakly pathogenic to corn and did not mate with fertile isolates of either mating type of B. maydis . |
| Title: Preserve Manager, Mile Hi/Ramsey Canyon Preserve, AZ. |
| Author: Wood, T. |
| Source: Telephone conversation with D. Newman, The Nature Conservancy, Tucson, AZ. November 14. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Director of Stewardship, The Nature Conservancy, Oklahoma. |
| Author: Hamilton, B. |
| Source: Telephone conversation with D. Newman, The Nature Conservancy, Tucson, AZ. September 12. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Director of Stewardship, The Nature Conservancy, Texas. |
| Author: Weigel, J. |
| Source: Telephone conversation with D. Newman, The Nature Conservancy, Tucson, AZ. September 11. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Professor, Range Management, University of Arizona. |
| Author: Roundy, B. |
| Source: Telephone conversation with D. Newman, The Nature Conservancy, Tucson, AZ. August 30. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Professor, Department of Plant Science, University of Arizona. |
| Author: Hamilton, K. |
| Source: Telephone conversation with D. Newman, The Nature Conservancy, Tucson, Arizona. September 18. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Professor, Department of Environmental Population and Organismal Biology, University of Colorado. |
| Author: Bock, J. |
| Source: Telephone conversation with D. Newman, The Nature Conservancy, Tucson, Arizona. September 29. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Preserve Manager, Sandylands Preserve, TX. |
| Author: McWhorter, I. |
| Source: Telephone conversation with D. Newman, The Nature Conservancy, Tucson, AZ. September 11. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Prairie Specialist, Texas National Heritage Program. |
| Author: Diamond, D. |
| Source: Telephone conversation with D. Newman, The Nature Conservancy, Tucson, Arizona. September 12. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Johnson grass control with herbicides in oil diluent. |
| Author: Barrentine, W. and C. McWhorter. |
| Source: Weed Science 36: 102-110. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1988 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Weeds of the U.S. and their control. |
| Author: Lorenzi, H., and L. Jeffery. |
| Source: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York. 355 pp. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1987 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Weed control in a conservation tillage rotation in the Texas Blacklands. |
| Author: Brown, S., J. Chandler and J. Morrison. |
| Source: Weed Science 35:695-699. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1987 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Element Stewardship Abstract - POA PRATENSIS and POA COMPRESSA. |
| Author: Sather, N. |
| Source: TNC, Minneapolis, MN. 19pp. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1987 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Effect of soil salinity and soil water availability on growth and chemical composition of Sorghum halepense. |
| Author: Sinha, N., R. Gupta and R. Rana. |
| Source: Plant and Soil 95: 411-418. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Control weeds in urban areas. |
| Author: Heathman, S., K. Hamilton, and J. Chernicky. |
| Source: Cooperative Extension Service 8653. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. 4 pp. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Big sacaton (SPOROBOLUS WRIGHTII) riparian grassland management: annual winter burning, annual winter mowing, and spring-summer grazing. |
| Author: Cox, J. and H. Morton. |
| Source: Applied Agricultural Research 1(2): 105-111. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Johnsongrass- two decades of progress in control. |
| Author: Ross, M. |
| Source: Crops and Soils 39: 12-14. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Seasonal patterns of Johnson grass seed production in different agricultural systems. |
| Author: Ghersa, C., E. Satorre and M. Van Esso. |
| Source: Ireal Journal of Botany 34:24-30. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1985 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Germination profiles of introduced lovegrasses at six constant temperatures. |
| Author: Martin, Martha H., and Jerry R. Cox. |
| Source: Journal of Range Management. 37(6):507-509. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1984 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The biology of Canadian weeds - Sorghum halepense. |
| Author: Warwick, S. and L. Black. |
| Source: Canadian Journal of Plant Science 63: 997-1014. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1983 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: An illustrated guide to Arizona weeds. |
| Author: Parker, K. |
| Source: University of Arizona Press, Tucson AZ. 72pp. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1982 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Johnson grass as a weed. |
| Author: McWhorter, C. |
| Source: USDA Farmers Bulletin 1537: 3-19. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1981 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The biology of Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense). |
| Author: Monaghan, N. |
| Source: Weed Research 19:261-267. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1979 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Persistent atrazine toxicity in Mohave desert shrub communities. |
| Author: Hunter, R., A. Wallace, and E. Romey. |
| Source: Journal of Range Management 31 (3):199-203. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1978 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. |
| Author: Holm, L. G., P. Donald, J. V. Pancho, and J. P. Herberger. |
| Source: The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii. 609 pp. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1977 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The effect of intraspecific competition on the growth and developmetn of Johnson grass under greenhouse conditions. |
| Author: Williams, R. and B. Ingber. |
| Source: Weed Science 25(4): 293-297. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1977 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Water-soluble carbohydrates in Johnson grass. |
| Author: McWhorter, C. |
| Source: Weed Science 22(2): 159-163. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1974 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The effects of late winter litter burn on the composition, productivity, and diversity of a 4-year old fallow-field in Georgia. |
| Author: Odum, E., S. Pomeroy, J. Dickinson and K. Hutcheson. |
| Source: Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference 13: 399-419. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1973 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Spatial growth of Sorghum halepense. |
| Author: Horowitz, M. |
| Source: Weed Research 13:200-208. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1973 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Early development of Johnson grass. |
| Author: Horowitz, M.(B) |
| Source: Weed Science 20(3):271-273. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1972 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Effects of desiccation and submergence on the viability of rhizome fragments of Bermudagrass and Johnsongrass and tubers of Nutsedge. |
| Author: Horowitz, M.(A) |
| Source: Israel Journal of Agricultural Research 22(4): 215-220. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1972 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Effects of frequent clipping on three perennial weeds, Cynodondactylon, Sorghum halepense, and Cyperus rotundus. |
| Author: Horowitz, M.(C) |
| Source: Experimental Agriculture 8:225-234. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1972 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Seasonal development of established Johnson grass. |
| Author: Horowitz, M.(D) |
| Source: Weed Science 20(4): 392-395. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1972 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Germination control of Johnson grass rhizome buds. |
| Author: Hull, R. |
| Source: Weed Science 18:118-121. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1970 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Phytotoxicity of subterranean residues of three perennial weeds. |
| Author: Friedman, T., and M. Horowitz. |
| Source: Weed Research 10: 382-385. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1970 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Carbohydrate metabolism of Johnson grass as influenced by seasonal growth and herbicide treatments. |
| Author: McWhorter, C.(A) |
| Source: Weeds 9: 563-568. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1961 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Morphology and development of Johnson grass plants from seeds and rhizomes. |
| Author: McWhorter, C.(B) |
| Source: Weeds 9:558-562. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1961 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The seasonal development of Johnson grass plants. |
| Author: Oyer, E., G. Gries and B. Rogers. |
| Source: Weeds 7:13-19. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1959 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Arizona Flora. |
| Author: Kearney, T.H., and R.H. Peebles. |
| Source: Univ. California Press, Berkeley. 1085 pp. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1951 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Grasses of southwestern United States. |
| Author: Gould, F. |
| Source: University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. 343 pp. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1951 |
| Abstract: NA |
< Back
Next >
Back To Invasives Common Name Index
|
