SAIN Invasive Plant Pests Resource Collection for: Autumn olive
Species (scientific name): Elaeagnus angustifolia
| Title: Decomposition and nitrogen release from foliage of cottonwood (Populus deltoides) and Russian-olive Elaeagnus angustifolia) in a riparian ecosystem. |
| Author: Simons-Stacey-B {a}; Seastedt-T-R. |
| Source: Southwestern-Naturalist. Sept., 1999; 44 (3): 256-260. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: The exotic tree, Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.), is an invader of riparian zones and grasslands throughout the plains and western United States. We compared the rate of litter decomposition and nitrogen loss from foliage of this species and the native cottonwood, (Populus deltoides Marshall). Nitrogen concentrations of foliage of the nitrogen-fixing Russian-olive were initially much higher than cottonwood. Using new litter and litter allowed to overwinter in the field before being place in litterbags, Russian-olive lost 42 to 58% of initial mass over a 224 day interval and cottonwood lost 29 to 38% of initial mass (P < 0.001). Foliage litter of cottonwood initially functions as a nitrogen sink, removing nitrogen from the environment. Over the study period, cottonwood lost 0.3 g nitrogen 9N) for every 100 grams of new litter. In contrast, Russian-olive lost 1.4 g N for every 100g of new litter 9P < 0.01). These nitrogen contributions of Russian-olive foliage to soils may facilitate invasion by other exotic plant species. |
| Title: Decomposition and nitrogen release from foliage of cottonwood (Populus deltoides) and Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) in a riparian ecosystem. |
| Author: Simons,-S.B.; Seastedt,-T.R. |
| Source: Southwestern-Naturalist [Southwest.-Nat.] 1999 vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 256-260. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: The exotic tree, Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.), is an invader of riparian zones and grasslands throughout the plains and western United States. We compared the rate of litter decomposition and nitrogen loss from foliage of this species and the native cottonwood, (Populus deltoides Marshall). Nitrogen concentrations of foliage of the nitrogen-fixing Russian-olive were initially much higher than cottonwood. Using new litter and litter allowed to overwinter in the field before being placed in litterbags, Russian-olive lost 42 to 58% of initial mass over a 224 day interval and cottonwood lost 29 to 38% of initial mass (P < 0.001). Foliage litter of cottonwood initially functions as a nitrogen sink, removing nitrogen from the environment. Over the study period, cottonwood lost 0.3 g nitrogen (N) for every 100 grams of new litter. In contrast, Russian-olive lost 1.4 g N for every 100 g of new litter (P < 0.01). These nitrogen contributions of Russian-olive foliage to soils may facilitate invasion by other exotic plant species. |
| Title: Germination and establishment of the native plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marshall subsp. monilifera) and the exotic Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.). |
| Author: Shaforth-Patrick-B; Auble-Gregor-T; Scott-Michael-L. |
| Source: Conservation-Biology. 1995; 9 (5) 1169-1175. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) is a small Eurasian tree that has escaped from cultivation and become naturalized, primarily along watercourses throughout the western United States. We examined germination and establishment of Russian-olive and plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides), the principal native riparian tree of the Great Plains, under a range of experimental moisture and light conditions. The fewest seedlings established under the driest conditions; seedling biomass was predictably lower in the shade; root-to-shoot ratios were higher for cottonwood, higher in the suit, and higher under drier conditions. Several interactions were also significant. The timing of germination and mortality varied between plains cottonwood and Russian-olive: cottonwood germinated in mid-June in all treatments in a single pulse with subsequent mortality; the timing and amount of Russian-olive germination differed substantially across treatments with little net mortality. Differences in life-history traits of these species, including seed size, viability, and dispersal, help explain treatment differences. Russian-olive will likely remain an important component of riparian communities along both unregulated and regulated western rivers because it succeeds under conditions optimal for cottonwood establishment and under many conditions unfavorable for cottonwood. Furthermore, many western states still encourage planting of Russian-olive, and control techniques tend to be labor-intensive and expensive. |
| Title: Soil properties and actinorhizal vegetation influence nodulation of Alnus glutinosa and Elaeagnus angustifolia by Frankia . |
| Author: Zitzer,-S.F.; Dawson,-J.O. |
| Source: PLANT-SOIL. 1992. vol. 140, no. 2, pp. 197-204. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: Nodulation (mean number of nodules per seedling) was 5 times greater for Elaeagnus angustifolia than for Alnus glutinosa overall when seedlings were grown in pots containing either an upland or an alluvial soil from central Illinois, USA. However, the upland Alfisol had 1.3 times greater nodulation capacity for A. glutinosa than for E. angustifolia . The presence of A. glutinosa trees on either soil was associated with a two-fold increase in nodulation capacity for E. angustifolia . Nodulation increases for soils under A. glutinosa were obtained for A. glutinosa seedlings in the Alfisol, but decreased nodulation for A. glutinosa seedlings occurred in the Mollisol. Greatest nodulation of E. angustifolia seedlings occurred near pH 6.6 for soil pH values ranging from 4.9 to 7.1, while greatest nodulation of A. glutinosa occurred at pH 4.9 over the same pH range. |
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