SAIN Invasive Plant Pests Resource Collection for: Dame's Rocket
Species (scientific name): Hesperis matronalis
| Title: Identification of Meligethes matronalis and M. subaeneus based on morphometric and ecological characters (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). |
| Author: Audisio-Paolo ; Belfiore-Carlo; De-Biase-Alessio ; Antonini-Gloria. |
| Source: European-Journal-of-Entomology. [print] March 15, 2001; 98 (1): 87-97. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 2001 |
| Abstract: An analysis of morphometric and bionomic data (as well as the genetic evidence discussed in a companion paper) clearly shows that Meligethes matronalis Audisio & Spornraft, 1990 and M. subaeneus Sturm, 1845 (members of the Meligethes coracinus complex: Coleoptera, Nitidulidae, Meligethinae), recently synonymised by Kirejtshuk (1997), are distinct species. The two species are also compared with the closely related M. coracinus Sturm, 1845. Meligethes matronalis is strictly associated with Hesperis matronalis L. (Brassicaceae) in early Summer, whereas the larvae of the frequently syntopic M. subaeneus develop on Cardamine spp. (Brassicaceae) in Spring; M. coracinus is a more polyphagous species, developing from early Spring to late Summer mostly on Brassica spp., Sinapis spp., Barbarea spp. and Sisymbrium spp. (Brassicaceae). |
| Title: Morphological, molecular and ecological evidence of a new Euro-Anatolian species of the Meligethes coracinus complex (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). |
| Author: Audisio-P ; De-Biase-A ; Antonini-G ; Belfiore-C; Oliverio-M. |
| Source: Insect-Systematics-and-Evolution. [print] 2000; 31 (4): 361-385. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 2000 |
| Abstract: An analysis of morphometric, allozymic and ecological data gives clear cues of the presence in southern Europe and the Near East of a so far not recognised species of the pollen-beetle genus Meligethes Stephens, previously widely confused with the common and widespread M. coracinus Sturm. Re-examination of the type material allowed the authors to discover that this 'new' taxon was originally described by Ganglbauer (1899) as M. coracinus var. aenescens (nec M. aenescens Fairmaire, 1875), later considered a mere synonym of M. coracinus. This taxon is here resurrected at a specific rank, redescribed, and renamed Meligethes erysimicola Audisio & De Biase, nom. n. The two species are also compared with the closely related Meligethes matronalis Audisio & Spornraft, 1990, a monophagous species strictly associated with Hesperis matronalis L. (Brassicaceae). M. erysimicola is an oligophagous species, strictly associated at larval stage with several members of the plant genus Erysimum L. (Brassicaceae), while M. coracinus is a more polyphagous species, developing mostly on Brassica spp., Sinapis spp., Barbarea spp. and Sisymbrium spp. (Brassicaceae). Waiting for the final results of further molecular and ecological researches concerning the same subject, an updated taxonomical outline of the Meligethes coracinus species-complex is also reported, and a provisional key to identification of species and included sub-complexes, is finally given. |
| Title: Hesperis pycnotricha found in Sweden. |
| Author: Herloff-B . |
| Source: Svensk-Botanisk-Tidskrift. 1999; 93 (4): 213-214. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: In 1999, Hesperis pycnitricha, a native of Ukraine, was found in two Swedish localities: 1. a grassy field near an allotment-garden in Goteborg (Gothenburg) in the south-west; 2. in the overgrown garden of an abandoned croft near Linkoping in Ostergotland in the south-east. H. pycnotricha is rather similar to H. matronalis (a common species), and has probably been overlooked. |
| Title: Nectar-carbohydrate production and composition vary in relation to nectary anatomy and location within individual flowers of several species of Brassicaceae. |
| Author: Davis-Arthur-R ; Pylatuik-Jeffrey-D; Paradis-Joelle-C; Low-Nicholas-H. |
| Source: Planta-Berlin. 205 (2) 305-318. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: Nectar-carbohydrate production and composition were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography and enzymology in nine species from five tribes of the Brassicaceae. In six species (Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., Brassica napus L., B. rapa L., Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv., Raphanus sativus L., Sinapis arvensis L.) that produced nectar from both lateral nectaries (associated with the short stamens) and median nectaries (outside the long stamens), on average 95% of the total nectar carbohydrate was collected from the lateral ones. Nectar from these glands possessed a higher glucose/fructose ratio (usually 1.0-1.2) than that from the median nectaries (0.2-0.9) within the same flower. Comparatively little sucrose was detected in any nectar samples except from Matthiola bicornus (Sibth. et Sm.) DC., which possessed lateral nectaries only and produced a sucrose-dominant exudate. The anatomy of the nectarial tissue in nectar-secreting flowers of six species, Hesperis matronalis L., L. maritima, M. bicornus, R. sativus, S. arvensis, and Sisymbrium loeselii L., was studied by light and scanning-electron microscopy. Phloem alone supplied the nectaries. However, in accordance with their overall nectar-carbohydrate production, the lateral glands received relatively rich quantities of phloem that penetrated far into the glandular tissue, whereas median glands were supplied with phloem that often barely innervated them. All nectarial tissue possessed modified stomata (with the exception of the median glands of S. loeselii, which did not produce nectar); further evidence was gathered to indicate that these structures do not regulate nectar flow by guard-cell movements. The numbers of modified stomata per gland showed no relation to nectar-carbohydrate production. Taken together, the data on nectar biochemistry and nectary anatomy indicate the existence of two distinct nectary types in those Brassicacean species that possess both lateral and median nectaries, regardless of whether nectarial tissue is united around the entire receptacle or not. It is proposed that the term "nectarium" be used to represent collectively the multiple nectaries that can be found in individual flowers. |
| Title: Potential use of wildflower species for landfill restoration in southwestern Virginia. |
| Author: Sabre, M. Holl, K.D. Lyons, R.E. Cairns, J. Jr. |
| Source: HortTechnology.v. 7 (4) p. 383-386. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Selecting species to produce wildflower seeds. |
| Author: Johnson, A.M. Whitwell, T. |
| Source: HortTechnology. v. 7 (4) p. 415-417. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Selection for independence of floral and vegetative traits: Evidence from correlation patterns in five species. |
| Author: Conner-Jeffrey-K ; Sterling-Andrea. |
| Source: Canadian-Journal-of-Botany. 1996; 74 (4) 642-644. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: Underlying developmental and genetic relationships cause positive correlations among the sizes of a variety of plant traits. Selection for functional independence among traits, however, can reduce these correlations over evolutionary time. In 1960, R.L. Berg hypothesized that the sizes of flowers in insect-pollinated plants should be selected to remain constant regardless of the size of vegetative structures, so that flowers match the sizes of their pollinators for effective pollination. This hypothesis of functional independence of floral sizes from the size of the rest of the plant predicts that correlations between floral and vegetative traits should be reduced relative to correlations within trait groups. We measured correlations in five species of insect-pollinated plants, including four Brassicaceae and Phlox divaricata. Our results support the hypothesis. The correlations among floral traits and the correlations among vegetative traits were significantly greater than the correlations across these two groups of traits in all five species. |
| Title: A new yellows disease of dame's violet (Hesperis matronalis) in Alberta, Canada, caused by an unidentified phytoplasma. |
| Author: Chang-K-F; Hwang-S-F; Evans-I-R; Howard-R-J. |
| Source: Zeitschrift-fuer-Pflanzenkrankheiten-und-Pflanzenschutz. 103 (3) 225-232. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: Using transmission electron and fluorescent microscopy, phytoplasma bodies were found in phloem cells of stems and leaves of the flowering ornamental dame's violet (Hesperis matronalis). The diameter of these bodies ranged from 0.26-0.56 times 0.25-0.50 mu-m and averaged 0.38 times 0.43 mu-m. Most of the phytoplasma bodies were spherical, although pleomorphic types occurred in the sieve tube cells. Low percentages of vacuole-like spaces and inner bodies were observed in the phytoplasmas. Shrunken and degenerated phytoplasmas were also found in phloem cells of infected plants. Symptoms induced by phytoplasma infection included chlorosis, stunting, bladder-like siliques, and phyllody of inflorescences. The mode of transmission of the pathogen under natural conditions is discussed. This is the first report of a phytoplasma being associated with disease in H. matronalis. |
| Title: Selection for independence of floral and vegetative traits: evidence from correlation patterns in five species. |
| Author: Conner, J.K. Sterling, A. |
| Source: Canadian journal of botany Journal canadien de botanique.. v. 74 (4) p. 642-644. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Ultraviolet-B radiation screening effectiveness of reproductive organs in Hesperis matronalis. |
| Author: Day T.A. ; S.M. Demchik. |
| Source: Environmental-and-Experimental-Botany. 36 (4) 447-454. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: We assessed the ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B; 280-320 nm) screening effectiveness of reproductive organs (sepals, petals and ovaries) of naturally growing Hesperis matronalis L. (dame's rocket, Brassicaceae) plants by measuring surface reflectance, epidermal and whole-organ transmittance and depth of penetration of 300 nm UV-B. We also measured the concentration of UV-B absorbing compounds in these organs (as well as pollen) to provide explanations for differences in their UV-B screening abilities. Surface reflectance of UV-B was less than 4% and was similar in sepals, petals and sides of ovaries. Ultraviolet-B penetrated (assessed as 1% of incident) an average of 275 mu-m and 384 mu-m into sepals and petals, respectively. In contrast, UV-B penetrated only 140 mu-m into the side of ovaries (measured mid-way between the base of the ovary and the stigma) and 108 mu-m into the stigma toward the ovary. Thus, UV-B was attenuated well before reaching the ovules which were over 500 mu-m within the sides of the ovaries and over 4000 mu-m below the stigma surface. This relatively effective attenuation of UV-B by the ovary was probably due to high concentrations of UV-B absorbing compounds which averaged more than twice those found in sepals and petals on a silhouette-area basis. Although their small size prevented us from measuring UV-B penetration, pollen grains also contained very high concentrations of UV-B absorbing compounds, averaging about 20 times those of sepals and petals on a silhouette-area basis. While this suggests that pollen of H. matronalis is effective at screening UV-B, the reported UV-B sensitivity of pollen suggests these high concentrations of absorbing compounds may not be completely effective in protecting the male gametes. |
| Title: Arbuscular mycorrhizal development in three crucifers. |
| Author: Demars-Brent-G ; Boerner-Ralph-E-J. |
| Source: Mycorrhiza-. 1995; 5 (6) 405-408. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: To determine the developmental patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) in three crucifers (Brassicaceae) of differing life histories, we inoculated seedlings of the annual Capsella bursa-pastoris, biennial Hesperis matronalis, and the perennial Matthiola incana with Glomus intraradices. The plants were grown either alone or in a matrix of living roots of the mycotrophic grass Sorghum sudanense. The percent root length colonized was greatest in C. bursa-pastoris and least in H. matronalis. Colonization was greater in plants grown in the grass matrix than in plants grown alone, and colonization in grass matrix-grown plants continued to increase over the 90-day growth period, whereas colonization leveled off or decreased near the end of the growth period in crucifers grown alone. No arbuscules were observed in crucifer roots at any time, which suggests that AM in these crucifers is nonfunctional. Furthermore, the increase in colonization only in pots with both crucifers and active mycotrophic roots suggests that AM development in crucifer roots is primarily the consequence of progressive root senescence in the crucifer and continued inoculum spread from the mycotrophic plant. |
| Title: Floristic observations from the province of Norrbotten, Northern Sweden. |
| Author: Stenberg-Lennart. |
| Source: Svensk-Botanisk-Tidskrift. 1995; 89 (1) 45-50. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: Investigations of the flora in Norrbotten in northern Sweden are in progress. The most interesting results from the field-work in 1994 are presented here. 24 taxa have not previously been reported for, or collected within, the province, viz. Scleranthus annuus subsp. polycarpos, Stellaria alsine, Reseda luteola, Medicago sativa, Cucumis melo, Citrullus lanatus, Vitis vinifera, Amsinckia micrantha, Plagiobothrys scouleri, Utricularia australis, Plantago arenaria, Campanula persicifolia, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Hieracium lactucella, Catabrosa aquatica, Holcus mollis, Agrostis scabra, Zea mays as well as Aconitum napellus subsp. lusitanicum, Hesperis matronalis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Anethum graveolens, Stachys macrantha and Melampyrum nemorosum which are escapes from cultivation. Additionally 10 species have not been recorded since the beginning of this century within the province. The rare eastern plant Stellaria fennica was found in one locality; it has not been recorded within Sweden since its discovery in 1956. |
| Title: NA. |
| Author: NA. |
| Source: American-Journal-of-Botany. 1995; 82 (11) 1399-1406. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: To test hypotheses on the evolution of functional relationships, phenotypic correlations among floral traits were estimated in five species of insect-pollinated plants. The species studied were wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), canola (Brassica napus), phlox (Phlox divaricata), dame's rocket (Hesperis matronalis), and black mustard (Brassica nigra). Six floral traits were measured on each species. In three of the five species the correlations between the filaments and corolla tube were significantly greater than the other floral correlations. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that selection for proper anther placement to enhance pollination has increased the filament-corolla tube correlations in these three species. In contrast, none of the species showed evidence of selection for an optimal stigma placement; the correlations between the pistil and corolla tube lengths were not greater than the other floral correlations in any of the five species. |
| Title: Asynchronous rhythms in the emission of volatiles from Hesperis matronalis flowers. |
| Author: Nielsen,-J.K.; Jakobsen,-H.B.; Friis,-P.; Hansen,-K.; Moller,-J.; Olsen. |
| Source: PHYTOCHEMISTRY vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 847-85. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: Twelve monoterpenes and five aromatic compounds were identified from Hesperis matronalis flowers in situ. The most abundant compounds were 1,8-cineole, E- beta -ocimene, linalool, and benzyl acetate. These four compounds were released asynchronously by the flowers during a photoperiod of 15 hr light and 9 hr darkness: 1,8-cineole was released mainly during the light period, E- beta -ocimene mainly near the switch from light to darkness, and benzyl acetate mainly during the dark period. Linalool was not released rhythmically. Release rates of monoterpenes were higher at 20 degree than at 15 degree , while release rates of the aromatic compounds were not significantly different at these temperatures. The role of flower volatiles in host plant finding by a specialized Hesperis feeding weevil, Ceutorhynchus inaffectatus, is discussed. |
| Title: Testing hypotheses of functional relationships: A comparative survey of correlation patterns among floral traits in five insect-pollinated plants. |
| Author: Conner-Jeffrey-K ; Sterling-Andrea. |
| Source: American-Journal-of-Botany. 82 (11) 1399-1406. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: To test hypotheses on the evolution of functional relationships, phenotypic correlations among floral traits were estimated in five species of insect-pollinated plants. The species studied were wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), canola (Brassica napus), phlox (Phlox divaricata), dame's rocket (Hesperis matronalis), and black mustard (Brassica nigra). Six floral traits were measured on each species. In three of the five species the correlations between the filaments and corolla tube were significantly greater than the other floral correlations. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that selection for proper anther placement to enhance pollination has increased the filament-corolla tube correlations in these three species. In contrast, none of the species showed evidence of selection for an optimal stigma placement; the correlations between the pistil and corolla tube lengths were not greater than the other floral correlations in any of the five species. |
| Title: Contributions to "Flora Hellenica": Flora of the Mounts Timfi area (Epirus, N.W. Greece) (I). |
| Author: Authier-Pierre. |
| Source: Acta-Botanica-Gallica. 140 (5) 525-533. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: Floristical, taxonomical and chorological notes from five rare or doubtful species for the Greek flora. |
| Title: Floristical and phytogeographical characteristics of Rudava river alluvium. |
| Author: Stanova-Viera ; Grulich-Vitek. |
| Source: Biologia-Bratislava. 1993; 48 (4) 407-410. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: The goal of our work was floristical and phytogeographical characteristics of Rudava river alluvium. The variability of species composition and the presence of various phytogeographical elements is caused by heterogeneity of habitats from sands to peat bogs. Species Agrimonia procera, Spergula pentandra, Liparis loeselii, Boeothryon alpinum, Rhynchospora alba, Blechnum spicant, Heirochloe repens, Carex pulicaris, Corallorhiza trifida, Kochia laniflora, Pulsatilla pratensis, Armeria elongata subsp. elongata, Drosera rotundifolia, Silene conica, Taraxacum palustre agg., Biscutella laevigata agg., Carex brizoides, Viola palustris, Chimaphila umbellata, Equisetum telmateia, Hesperis matronalis subsp. candida are interesting from phytogeographical point of view. |
| Title: Host plant recognition in monophagous weevils: specialization of Ceutorhynchus inaffectatus to glucosinolates from its host plant Hesperis matronalis. |
| Author: Larsen, L.M. Nielsen, J.K. Sorensen, H. |
| Source: Entomologia experimentalis et applicata. v. 64 (1) p. 49-55. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Turnip, cucumber, and ribgrass mosaic viruses isolated from Hesperis matronalis in British Columbia. |
| Author: Ford, R.E. Beczner, L. Hamilton, R.I. |
| Source: Plant disease.. v. 72 (2) p. 101-106. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1988 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Polyploidy accompanied by structural alterations in the evolution of Hesperis matronalis L. |
| Author: Gohil, R.N. Raina, R. |
| Source: Cytologia. v. 52 (2) p.223-228. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1987 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Some results of the study of Hesperis matronalis L. from the Belanski Tatry Mts. Czechoslovakia1_Biologia. |
| Author: Dvorak, F. |
| Source: Seria A: Botanika. v. 37 (5) p. 441-447. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1982 |
| Abstract: NA |
< Back
Next >
Back To Invasives Common Name Index
|
