SAIN Invasive Plant Pests Resource Collection for: Crown vetch
Species (scientific name): Coronilla varia
| Title: Effects of competition from introduced plants on establishment, survival, growth and reproduction of the rare plant Solidago shortii (Asteraceae). |
| Author: Walck,-J.L.; Baskin,-J.M.; Baskin,-C.C. |
| Source: Biological-Conservation [Biol.-Conserv.] 1999 vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 213-219. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: Field and glasshouse studies investigated the effects of the introduced species Coronilla varia and Festuca arundinacea on establishment, survival, growth and reproduction of the federally-listed, endangered Solidago shortii (Asteraceae). All vegetation (mostly C. varia) in plots with S. shortii was removed in May 1993, and the plots were kept free of vegetation (except S. shortii) until September 1997 (treatment plots). Litter was removed from treatment plots each May 1993-1997. Neither vegetation nor litter was removed from control plots. Number of flowering and nonflowering ramets (stems) did not differ significantly between treatment and control plots in 1992 (year before vegetation removal). In treatment plots, number of flowering ramets of S. shortii increased significantly between 1992 and 1993 and then remained nearly constant from 1993 to 1996. In control plots, number of flowering ramets remained nearly constant from 1992 to 1996, and it was significantly lower than that in treatment plots from 1993 to 1996. Number of nonflowering ramets progressively increased in treatment plots from 1993 to 1996, while it remained nearly constant in control plots. Seedlings of S. shortii established only in treatment plots. Three percent of 1322 plants marked as seedlings in May 1994 were alive in September 1997, and about 0.4% of them had flowered by this date. At the end of four growing seasons, 36, 23, 18, 10 and 8% of the 39 surviving plants were in 3-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40 and 41-50 cm height classes, respectively; 5% of the plants were >50 cm tall. In a replacement series experiment, relative yield (RY) of S. shortii was significantly lower than the expected RY, whereas that of F. arundinacea was significantly higher than the expected RY. Relative yield total did not differ from one. The aggressivity value of S. shortii was significantly lower than that of F. arundinacea. Significantly fewer individuals of S. shortii flowered under inter- than under intraspecific competition. Thus, seedling establishment and vigor of S. shortii is highest in the absence of competitors, and future management practices will need to take this into account. |
| Title: Sequestration and metabolism of host-plant flavonoids by the lycaenid butterfly Polyommatus bellargus. |
| Author: Geuder,-M.; Wray,-V.; Fiedler,-K.; Proksch,-P.*. |
| Source: J.-CHEM.-ECOL. 1997 vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 1361-1372. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: Larvae of the lycaenid butterfly Polyommatus bellargus were reared on leaves of Coronilla varia that are rich in flayone C-glycosides. Six flavonoids including isovitexin and isoorientin, as well as several of their congeners were isolated and identified by spectroscopic means. Comparative HPLC analysis of the host plant and of larvae, pupae, and imagines of P. bellargus indicated selective uptake of isovitexin versus isoorientin derivatives. Isovitexin-2"-O-xyloside was the major flavonoid detected in pupae and in imagines of P. bellargus. Several minor components were tentatively identified as quercetin- and kaempferol-O-glycosides based on their on line-UV spectra and by comparison with known standards. Since leaves of the host plant accumulate exclusively flavones, the flavonol glycosides are considered to be biotransformation products that are formed by the insects and/or by symbiotic bacteria. Imagines of P. bellargus caught in the wild exhibited similar flavonoid patterns compared to imagines reared in the laboratory. Within the imagines, approximately 80% of all flavonoids are stored in the wings (especially in the orange submarginal lunules), whereas the remaining 20% resides in the bodies. Female butterflies show a significantly higher flavonoid concentration than males. It is suggested that the sequestered flavonoids are involved in visual mate recognition. |
| Title: The influence of diet on growth and secretion behaviour of myrmecophilous Polyommatus icarus caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). |
| Author: Burghardt,-F.; Fiedler,-K. |
| Source: ECOL.-ENTOMOL. 1996 vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1-8. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: Caterpillars of the facultatively myrmecophilous butterfly Polyommatus icarus were reared on inflorescences, or foliage, of four natural hostplant species and on an artificial diet to study dietary effects on larval growth and secretory capacity. Caterpillars achieved highest weights and relative growth rates when fed flowers of Medicago sativa, Lotus corniculatus or Melilotus officinalis. Larvae reared on Coronilla varia (flowers and leaves), foliage of M.sativa and on the artificial diet pupated at lower weights and achieved lower growth rates. In standardized experiments with the ant species Lasius flavus, secretion rates from the dorsal nectar organ (DNO) were 2 times higher among flower-fed caterpillars than among foliage-fed siblings or caterpillars on the artificial diet. Larvae reared on C.varia flowers were superior to all other food treatments with respect to secretion rates. High water content of larval diet, as in flowers, appears to be important for lycaenid caterpillars to achieve high secretion rates, whereas the correlation between myrmecophily and nutrient availability, as evidenced by growth rates, was less pronounced. Using experimental data on larval growth and secretion rates, the lifetime volume of secretions from the DNO is estimated to range from 2 to 5 mu l in most food treatments. Only on C.varia flowers (5.5-8.7 mu l) and on M.sativa leaves (0.9-1.1 mu l) did the caterpillars deviate in their absolute investment in myrmecophily. The estimated lifetime investment accounted for 1.6-5.5% of prepupal fresh weight in all food treatments except on C.varia flowers (7.8-12.3%). |
| Title: Imidazolinone herbicides improve restoration of Great Plains grasslands. |
| Author: |
| Source: Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science So |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: |
| Title: Synchrony between populations of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), and its egg parasitoids in southwestern Quebec. |
| Author: Al-Ghamdi, K.M. and Stewart, R.K. |
| Source: The Canadian entomologist. July/Aug 1995. v. 127 (4) p. 457-472. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Yield and botanical composition of legume-interseeded vs. nitrogen-fertilized switchgrass. |
| Author: George, J.R., Blanchet, K.M., Gettle, R.M., Buxton, D.R., and Moore, K.J. |
| Source: Agronomy journal. Nov/Dec 1995. v. 87 (6) p. 1147-1153. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has a relatively high N requirement for high yields of quality forage. It is not clear what role legumes can play in supplying this N and in improving herbage yield when grown in association with switchgrass. To evaluate cool-season legume renovation vs. N fertilization of established switchgrass, 10 forage legumes and a legume mixture were compared with 0, 60, 120, and 240 kg N ha-1. Forage yield and botanical composition of basal (<20 cm) and upper (>20 cm) canopy were compared at Ames, IA, on a Webster silty clay loam (mesic Typic Haplaquoll). Legumes were no-till interseeded in early April; N was applied before mid-May. Legume renovation did not affect June yield during the establishment year (Y1), but produced 9% greater yields than 0-N grass in July. N fertilization increased uppercanopy grass yield 2.4-fold compared with 0 N and legume renovation during Y1. During the second year (Y2) of 1991 seedings, all legume treatments except crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) produced more total-season upper-canopy yield than grass fertilized with 240 kg N. For 1992 seedings, birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), Mammoth red clover (Trifoliumm pratense L.), and trefoil-red clover mixture had Y2 yields that equaled or exceeded yield for 240 kg N. Mean legume composition of Y2 upper canopy for June, July, and August was 84, 70, and 51%, respectively, in 1991 seedings and 53, 28, and 27% in weather-damaged stands of 1992 seedings. Y2 yields for interseeded legumes provided significant improvement over 120 or 240 kg ha-1 N, so cool-season legumes can substitute for N fertilization after the seeding year. Adequate defoliation in early June is important to Abstract minimize legume competition to established switchgrass. Livestock producers should renovate only a portion of switchgrass pastures in a single year, because of a shortfall in forage supply during legume establishment compared with that of N-fertilized grass. |
| Title: The impact of species introduced to control tree invasion on the vegetation of an electrical utility right-of-way. |
| Author: Brown, D. |
| Source: Canadian journal of botany Aug 1995. v. 73 (8) p. 1217-1228. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Establishment and persistence of legumes interseeded into switchgrass. |
| Author: Blanchet, K.M., George, J.R., Gettle, R.M., Buxton, D.R., and Moore, K.J. |
| Source: Agronomy journal. Sept/Oct 1995. v. 87 (5) p. 935-941. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: Little information is available for renovation of established switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) with cool-season forage legumes. Field experiments were conducted to determine seeding success, persistence, and impact on grass when 10 forage legumes and a legume mixture were no-till interseeded into established 'Cave-in-Rock' switchgrass near Ames, IA. Legumes interseeded in early April 1991 and 1992 were biennial 'Polara' white-flowered sweetclover (Melilotus alba Medik.) and 'Madrid' yellow-flowered sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis Lam.), 'Norcen' and 'Fergus' birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), 'Apollo Supreme' and 'Alfagraze' alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Mammoth end 'Redland II' red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), 'Emerald' crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.), common hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), and a 50:50 mixture of Norcen trefoil and medium red clover. Legume innovation was compared with grass fertilized with N at 0, 60, 120, and 240 kg ha-1. Excellent legume establishment was observed in June, about 2.5 mo after interseedings, with mean legume plant density of 195 and 163 plants m-2 for 1991 and 1992 seedings, respectively. Both alfalfa cultivars and hairy vetch had highest percentage establishment. Average legume persistence to June of the second year was nearly 50% for 1991 and 30% for 1992 seedings (less in 1992 because of greater winter losses). Grass stem density during the establishment year was not affected by legume renovation. Decline in grass stems during the second year was greatest for trefoil and the trefoil-red clover mixture, and intermediate for alfalfa and red clover, with minimal to no effect for the sweetclovers, crownvetch, and hairy vetch. Hence, legumes can be Abstract successfully established into switchgrass and can be maintained into the second year. |
| Title: Wild host plants of Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in eastern Tennessee. |
| Author: Sudbrink, D.L. Jr. and Grant, J.F. |
| Source: Environmental entomology. Oct 1995. v. 24 (5) p. 1080-1085. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: Corn earworm, Helicoverpa (=Heliothis)zea (Boddie), and tobacco budworm, H. virescens (F.), are polyphagous, multivoltine insect pests that feed on numerous cultivated and wild host plants. In eastern Tennessee during 1990 and 1991, larvae of H. zea were collected from 34 species of wild host plants in 11 families, and larvae of H. virescens were collected from 20 species in 9 families. One or the other or both species were found on a total of 39 species of wild hosts in 11 families. Early-season (June through July) wild host plants of both insect species included common mallow, Malva neglecta Wallroth, black medic, Medicago lupulina L., and crown vetch, Coronilla varia L. Hophornbeam copperleaf, Acalypha ostryaefolia Ridell, hairy galinsoga, Galinsoga cilliata (Rafinesque) Blake, and crown vetch may be new host-plant records for H. zea and H. virescens. Dovefoot geranium, Geranium molle L., may represent a new host-plant record for H. zea. The diversity of the wild host-plant complex of H. zea and H. virescens in eastern Tennessee reflects the variety of suitable flora in this region. This host-plant diversity coupled with the patchy distribution of cropland within the regional agroecosystems may combine to prevent populations of H. zea and H. virescens from reaching the outbreak levels experienced in other regions of the United States. |
| Title: Competitive growth of Canada thistle, tall fescue, and crownvetch in the presence of a thistle defoliator, Cassida rubiginosa Muller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). |
| Author: Ang, B.N., Kok, L.T., Holtzman, G.I., and Wolf, D.D. |
| Source: Biological control : theory and applications in pest management. Sept 1994. v. 4 (3) p. 277-284. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Numerical taxonomy of Rhizobium strains from legumes of the temperate zone. |
| Author: Novikova,-N.I.; Pavlova,-E.A.; Vorobjev,-N.I.; Limeshchenko,-E.V. |
| Source: INT.-J.-SYST.-BACTERIOL. 1994 vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 734-742. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: Phenotypic properties (growth characteristics, utilization of carbon and nitrogen sources, and intrinsic antibiotic resistance) of 53 Rhizobium strains isolated from root nodules of the temperate-zone legumes Astragalus spp. (29 strains), Oxytropis campanulata (7 strains), Hedysarum alpinum (7 strains), Ononis arvensis (3 strains), Glycyrrhiza spp. (4 strains), and Coronilla varia (3 strains) were compared with those of other Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Agrobacterium strains. The final matrix, containing 83 strains and 56 nonsymbiotic features, was used for computer cluster analysis. The dendrogram showed that the new strains of temperate-zone rhizobia formed a cluster separate from both Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium spp. Two large groups of temperate-zone rhizobia were revealed. Group 1 included rhizobial strains originating from different geographical regions with a temperate climate, while group 2 included strains from the same geographical origin, South Siberia. The strains of recognized Rhizobium species were clustered, in general, with each other as expected from phylogenetic relatedness. |
| Title: Coleophora colutella (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae): A Palearctic Pest of crownvetch, Coronilla varia (Fabaceae), New to North America. |
| Author: Hoebeke, E. Richard , Wheeler Jr., Alfred G. , Degregorio, Ralph E. |
| Source: Annals. , MAR 01 1993 v 86 n 2 , 134. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: Coleophora colutella (F.) is reported for the first time in North America based on collections from Cape Cod, MA. This immigrant casebearer, whose larvae feed on the leaves of crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.), presumably was introduced with European plant material. Diagnostic characters and illustrations of the adult and larval case are given, a table comparing C. colutella with other similar Nearctic species is provided, and its biology in Europe and North America is summarized. |
| Title: Sequestration of host-plant-derived flavonoids by lycaenid butterfly Polyommatus icarus. |
| Author: CVCVWiesen, B., Krug, E., Fiedler, K., Wray, V., and Proksch, P. |
| Source: Journal of chemical ecology. Oct 1994. v. 20 (10) p. 2523-2538. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: Larvae of the lycaenid butterfly Polyommatus icarus were reared on inflorescences of Coronilla varia and Medicago sativa, which are rich in flavonoids. Twelve different flavonoids (five compounds from the former and nine from the latter), including aglycones and O-glycosides of kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin were isolated and identified by spectroscopic means. NMR and MS data for the new acylated glycoside kaempferol 3-0-6"-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside are reported. Comparative HPLC analysis of the respective host plants and of larvae, pupae, and imagines of P. icarus indicated selective uptake and accumulation of kaempferol vs. quercetin and myricetin derivatives. The latter were excreted largely unchanged through the feces. Irrespective of the larval host plant kaempferol 3-O-glucoside was found as the major flavonoid in larvae, pupae, and imagines of P. icarus, accounting for approximately 83-92% of all soluble flavonoids in adult butterflies. Within the imagines, approximately 80% of all flavonoids are stored in the wings (especially in the orange submarginal lunules), whereas the remaining 20% reside in the bodies. Feeding experiments with artificial diet demonstrated that the insects are able to form kaempferol 3-O-glucoside by glucosylation of dietary kaempferol. Possible functions of the sequestered flavonoids, especially for mate recognition of P. icarus, are discussed. |
| Title: Vicia tetrasperma (four-seeded vetch) ingestion by a 3-year-old child. |
| Author: Wine,-H.A.; Johnson,-P.N. |
| Source: VET.-HUM.-TOXICOL. 1993 vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 436-437. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: We report an ingestion of Vicia tetrasperma (four-seeded vetch), initially misidentified as crown vetch (Coronilla varia). Vicia tetrasperma is not listed in POISINDEX; little is known of its toxic effects and we found no published human case reports. The child suffered only minor gastrointestinal effects which lasted a few hours and had no residual effects upon 24- and 96-hour followups. (DBO) |
| Title: Coleophora colutella (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae): A Palearctic pest of crownvetch, Coronilla varia (Fabaceae), new to North America. |
| Author: Hoebeke,-E.R.; Wheeler,-A.G.,Jr.; Degregorio,-R.E. |
| Source: ANN.-ENTOMOL.-SOC.-AM. 1993. vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 134-141. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: Coleophora colutella (F.) is reported for the first time in North America based on collections from Cape Cod, MA. This immigrant casebearer, whose larvae feed on the leaves of crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.), presumably was introduced with European plant material. Diagnostic characters and illustrations of the adult and larval case are given, a table comparing C. colutella with other similar Nearctic species is provided, and its biology in Europe and North America is summarized. |
| Title: The effect of ionizing irradiation on the tissue culture of Coronilla varia. |
| Author: Duskova, J. Sovova, M. Dusek, J. |
| Source: Biologia plantarum. 1993 v 35 n 2 223. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase by the Glycosides from Coronilla varia. |
| Author: Mraz, Miroslav Opletal, Lubomir Sovova, Marie. |
| Source: Planta medica. OCT 01 1992 v 58 n 5 467. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Insect antifeeding activity of some cardenolides, coumarins and 3-nitropropionates of glucose from Coronilla varia. |
| Author: Harmatha, J., Nawrot, J., Vokac, K., Opletal, L. and Sovova, M. |
| Source: Series entomologica. 1992. v. 49 p. 155-156. Paper presented at the 8th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships, March 9-13, 1992, Wageningen, The Netherlands. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Legume seedling feeding preferences of adult Sitona hispidulus (F.) (Coleoptara: Curculionidae). |
| Author: Barratt, B.I.P. and Byers, R.A. |
| Source: Environmental entomology. Feb 1992. v. 21 (1) p. 103-106. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: A greenhouse experiment was designed to evaluate a series of forage legume seedlings in the cotyledon stage for susceptibility to seeding damage from adult Sitona hispidulus (F.). Seedlings of a range of cultivars of white clover, Trifolium repens; alfalfa, Medicago sativa; red clover, Trifolium pratense; Lotus spp.; and crown vetch, Coronilla varia, were transplanted in the cotyledon stage into trays in a complete randomized block design. Adult weevils were added at a rate of one weevil per seedling. Feeding preferences of the weevils were assessed by visually estimating percentage defoliation of the seedlings 3 and 6-7 d later. A further experiment using cotyledon leaf discs randomly threaded onto an entomological pin further investigated weevil feeding preferences. Two similar whole seedling experiments and the leaf disc experiment indicated that white clover 'Ladino' was the most preferred species of the legume seedlings offered, followed by alfalfa 'WL 318' and two red clover cultivars, 'Kura' and Arlington'. Lotus spp. and crown vetch were preferred least. Defoliation levels ranged from 32 to 93% after 6 to 7 d in the whole seedling experiments and from 11 to 46% after 4 h in the leaf-disc experiment. Damage assessments of the unifoliate or first true leaflets indicated an order of feeding preference similar to that found for cotyledon leaves. Defoliation levels of whole seedlings were not linearly correlated with seedling size or fresh weight, and this, supported by the results with the leaf discs, suggest that in the whole seedling experiments, plant size did not determine the levels of defoliation. |
| Title: Parasitism of Lygus lineolaris eggs on Coronilla varia, Solanum tuberosum, and three host weeds in Southeastern Quebec. |
| Author: Sohati, P. H. Boivin, G. Stewart, R. K. |
| Source: Entomophaga. 1992 v 37 n 4 515. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Ruderal and skirt communities of the Oker valley (Lower Saxony). |
| Author: Brandes,-D. |
| Source: BRAUNSCHW.-NATURKD.-SCHR. 1992. vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 143-165. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: Ruderal and skirt communities of the Oker valley (Southeast Lower Saxony) are investigated and documented by phytosociolotical releves. While in the upper part of the Harz mountains there are nearly no nitrophilous plant communities along the course of the river except the Alopecuretum aequalis , the river gravels in the foreland are settled by the Echio-Melilotetum . Grasslands poor in species like the Armerietum halleri grow on elevated areas of the gravel banks. The northern part of the "Okersteinfeld" is especially rich in species and communities: Cuscuto-Calystegietum, Urtico-Cruciatetum, Dipsacetum pilosi, Echio-Melilotetum, Cirsium eriophorum community, Onopordion communities, as well as liana dominated stands with Clematis vitalba, Humulus lupulus or Coronilla varia . Thermophilous vegetation (Onopordetum acanthii, Vicia tenuifolia Community) is to be found at the steeps of the palatinate Werla. The middle course of the Oker from Schladen to Braunschweig is accompanied by Cuscuto-Calystegietum, Chaerophylletum bulbosi, Urtico-Cruciatetum and intermediates of them. |
| Title: Towards optimum grazing management for sheep production on crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.). |
| Author: Mraz, Miroslav Opletal, Lubomir Sovova, Marie. |
| Source: Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Afr JUN 01 1992 v 9 n 2 83. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Studies on the distribution of a naturally occurring nitroaliphatic acid in crownvetch (Coronilla varia, Fabaceae). |
| Author: Gold, K. |
| Source: Economic botany. July/Sept 1991. v. 45 (3) p. 334-338. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1991 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Lepyronia coleoptera (Homoptera: Cercopidae), an immigrant spittlebug in North America: distribution, seasonal history, and host plants. |
| Author: »Wheeler, A.G. Jr. |
| Source: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Apr 1991. v. 93 (2) p. 463-470. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1991 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Legume seedling feeding preferences of adult Sitona hispidulus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). |
| Author: Barratt,-B.I.P.; Byers,-R.A. |
| Source: ENVIRON.-ENTOMOL. 1991. vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 103-106. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1991 |
| Abstract: A greenhouse experiment was designed to evaluate a series of forage legume seedlings in the cotyledon stage for susceptibility to seeding damage from adult Sitona hispidulus (F.). Seedlings of a range of cultivars of white clover, Trifolium repens ; alfalfa, Medicago sativa ; red clover, Trifolium pratense; Lotus spp.; and crown vetch, Coronilla varia , were transplanted in the cotyledon stage into trays in a complete randomized block design. White clover "Ladino" was the most preferred species of the legume seedlings offered, followed by alfalfa "WL 318" and two red clover cultivars, "Kura" and "Arlington". Lotus spp. and crown vetch were preferred least. Defoliation levels ranged from 32 to 93% after 6 to 7 d in the whole seedling experiments and from 11 to 46% after 4 h in the leaf-disc experiment. Damage assessments of the unifoliate or first true leaflets indicated an order of feeding preference similar to to that found for cotyledon leaves. |
| Title: Effects of forage availability on home range and population density of Microtus pennsylvanicus. |
| Author: Jones,-E.N. |
| Source: J.-MAMMAL. 1990. vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 382-389. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: The hypothesis that territoriality of female meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus ) regulates population size was tested during four breeding seasons by using radiotelemetry to determine home range, dispersion, and use of vegetative cover in crownvetch (Coronilla varia ) fields. The percentage of transient voles in the population was related directly to density. The percentage of transient females increased as nearest-neighbor distances between females decreased. Territory size for females was related inversely to available forage, supporting the hypothesis that territory size is a function of availability of food. I conclude that the quantity of forage is a factor in controlling population density. |
| Title: Predicting Host Range Evolution: Colonization of Coronilla varia by Colias philodice (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). |
| Author: Karowe, David N. |
| Source: Evolution. SEP 01 1990 v 44 n 6 1637. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: Extensive sympatry is currently arising between the common sulfur butterfly, Colias philodice Latreille (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and a potential leguminous host plant, Coronilla varia (L.). In laboratory trials, larval survivorship and growth were higher on the primary host, Medicago sativa (L.), than on the nonhost C. varia . However, because females reared from C. varia were on average more fecund than females reared from M. sativa , fitness on C. varia (approximately as survivorship times fecundity) was commensurate with fitness on M. sativa . Thus, it is predicted that selection would favor oviposition on C. varia , if such behavior were to arise. In addition, significant among-family variation exists for several measures of larval performance on both C. varia and M. sativa , indicating that C. philodice can potentially respond to selection for increased performance on each species. Moreover, larval performance was significantly positively correlated across these species, suggesting that selection for increased performance on each species will facilitate, not constrain, evolution of increased performance on the other. |
| Title: Trazine herbicide fate in a no-tillage corn (Zea mays L.) crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) "living mulch" system. |
| Author: Hall, J.K. , Hartwig, N.L. |
| Source: Agriculture, ecosystems & environment. , APR 01 1990 v 30 n 3 / 4 , 281. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: Chloro-s-triazine herbicide distribution, dissipation and leaching potential were examined in two untilled soils planted to corn (Zea mays L.) in a crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) "living mulch" sod. Herbicide dissipation and translocation were rapid and extensive under no-tillage management, and herbicide distribution in the different soil profiles was not predictable solely on the basis of water solubility of the chemicals or soil texture. The probability of detecting subsoil levels of these herbicides was as great in the Murrill silty clay loam as in the Morrison sandy loam. Simazine and atrazine were more persistent and detected more frequently at lower profile depths than cyanazine and procyazine, which are considerably more water soluble. Redistribution of simazine and atrazine by leaching from early to mid-season was also more evident in each soil. |
| Title: Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Coronilla varia L. Long-Term Tissue Cultures. |
| Author: Duskova, Jirina. |
| Source: Biologia plantarum. 1990 v 32 n 1 8. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Triazine herbicide fate in a no-tillage corn (Zea mays L.)-crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) "living mulch" system. |
| Author: Hall,-J.K.; Hartwig,-N.L. |
| Source: AGRIC.-ECOSYST.-ENVIRON. 1990. vol. 30, no. 3-4, pp. 281-293. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: Chloro-s-triazine herbicide distribution, dissipation and leaching potential were examined in two untilled soils planted to corn (Zea mays L.) in a crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) "living mulch" sod. Herbicide dissipation and translocation were rapid and extensive under no-tillage management, and herbicide distribution in the different soil profiles was not predictable solely on the basis of water solubility of the chemicals or soil texture. The probability of detecting subsoil levels of these herbicides was as great in the Murrill silty clay loam as in the Morrison sandy loam. Simazine and atrazine were more persistent and detected more frequently at lower profile depths than cyanazine and procyazine, which are considerably more water soluble. Redistribution of simazine and atrazine by leaching from early to mid-season was also more evident in each soil. |
| Title: Prediction host range evolution: colonization of Coronilla varia by Colias philodice (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). |
| Author: Karowe, D.N. |
| Source: Evolution. Sept 1990. v. 44 (6) p. 1637-1647. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Predicting host range evolution: Colonization of Coronilla varia by Colias philodice (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). |
| Author: Karowe,-D.N. |
| Source: EVOLUTION. 1990. vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 1637-1647. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: Extensive sympatry is currently arising between the common sulfur butterfly, Colias philodice Latreille (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and a potential leguminous host plant, Coronilla varia (L.). In laboratory trials, larval survivorship and growth were higher on the primary host, Medicago sativa (L.), than on the nonhost C. varia . However, because females reared from C. varia were on average more fecund than females reared from M. sativa , fitness on C. varia (approximately as survivorship times fecundity) was commensurate with fitness on M. sativa . Thus, it is predicted that selection would favor oviposition on C. varia , if such behavior were to arise. In addition, significant among-family variation exists for several measures of larval performance on both C. varia and M. sativa , indicating that C. philodice can potentially respond to selection for increased performance on each species. Moreover, larval performance was significantly positively correlated across these species, suggesting that selection for increased performance on each species will facilitate, not constrain, evolution of increased performance on the other. |
| Title: Thistle control in a crownvetch roadside ground cover. |
| Author: Hartwig, N.L. |
| Source: Proceedings of the annual meeting - Northeastern Weed Science Society. 1990. v. 44 p. 123-125. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Facultative monophagy as a consequence of prior feeding experience: behavioral and physiological specialization in Colias philodice larvae. |
| Author: Karowe, D.N. |
| Source: Oecologia. 1989. v. 78 (1) p. 106-111. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Control of Canada thistle growing in a crownvetch groundcover. |
| Author: Gover, A.E. |
| Source: Proceedings of the annual meeting - Northeastern Weed Science Society. 1989. v. 43 p. 54-55. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Disonycha punctigera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): first host record of a little-known flea beetle. |
| Author: CVCVWheeler, A.G. Jr. |
| Source: Entomological news. Mar/Apr 1989. v. 100 (2) , p. 67-71. ill. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Atrazine, bifenox, and shade effects on crownvetch (Coronilla varia) nodulation and nodule activity. |
| Author: Cardina, J. and Hartwig, N.L. |
| Source: Weed science. July 1988. v. 36 (4) p. 535-539. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1988 |
| Abstract: Studies were conducted to determine whether photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides atrazine or bifenox, and shade affect the number, weight senescence, and N fixation activity of nodules on the roots of the perennial legume crownvetch. Atrazine and bifenox were applied at rates of 2.24 kg ai/ha to shaded and unshaded plots. The shade was varied during the growing season to simulate changing irradiance levels beneath a corn canopy. Atrazine and bifenox treatments reduced nodule number to 13 and 42% of the untreated control, respectively, in 1980, and 18 and 35% in 1981. Shade treatments reduced nodule number to a low of 40% of the control in 1980 and 50% in 1981. Combined effects of herbicides and shade on nodule numbers were more than additive. Nodule fresh weights were reduced an average of 37% by herbicide treatments and 39% by shade treatments. Sloughed nodule numbers decreased in the herbicide and shaded treatments, suggesting that the reduction in nodule numbers was due to fewer nodules being produced. Nodule numbers were reduced a greater percentage by herbicides and shade than was herbage dry matter production. Specific nodule activity (SNA) did not differ in nodules from the atrazine, bifenox, or shade treatments on the six sampling dates in 1980 or on two treatments of three sampling dates in 1981. Nomenclature: Atrazine, 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine ; bifenox, methyl 5-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-2-nitrobenzoate; crownvetch, Coronilla varia L. |
| Title: Esterification of 3-nitropropanoic acid to glucose by suspension cultures of Coronilla varia. |
| Author: Moyer,-B.G.; Gustine,-D.L. |
| Source: PHYTOCHEMISTRY. 1987. vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 139-140. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1987 |
| Abstract: Coronilla varia suspension cultures incorporated exogenous 3-nitropropanoic acid into 3-nitropropanoyl-D-glucopyranoses, increasing their levels 600-fold over control values. The resulting levels of 3-nitropropanoyl-D-glucopyranoses were still lower than those in C. varia plants but were high enough for isolation of hiptagin (1,2,4,6-tetra(3-nitropropanoyl)- beta -D-glucopyranose), coronarian and cibarian. Structural assignments were partially made on the basis of 360 MHz super(1)H NMR spectra. |
| Title: Damping-off, root rot, and wilt of crownvetch caused by Pythium myriotylum. |
| Author: Durky, E.M. |
| Source: Canadian journal of plant pathology Mar 1986. v. 8 (1) p. 107-108. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Efficacy and persistence of different insecticides against the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae), on a season-long host plant, Coronilla varia. |
| Author: Martel, P., Boivin, G. and Belcourt, J. |
| Source: Journal of economic entomology. June 1986. v. 79 (3) p. 721-725. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Regeneration of Coronilla varia L. (crownvetch) plants from callus culture. |
| Author: Moyer, B.G. and Gustine, D.L. |
| Source: Plant cell, tissue and organ culture. 1984. v. 3 (2) p. 143-148. ill. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1984 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Use of herbicides in crownvetch seed production _Coronilla varia_. |
| Author: Humphrey, E.G. |
| Source: Progress report, clovers and special purpose legumes research - Univ. of Wisconsin, Dept. of Agronomy. 1982. v. 15, p. 57. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1982 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Why do bumble bees work crownvetch flowers faster than honey bees? _Coronilla varia, Bombus spp., Apis mellifera_. |
| Author: |
| Source: The Melsheimer entomological series. 1982. (32) , |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1982 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Attempts at introducing crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) in Hungary. |
| Author: Bosca, I., Krisztian, J., Kadlicsko, B., Mate, A., and Kesmarki, I. |
| Source: Acta agronomica - Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 1982. v. 31 (1/2) , p. 1-10. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1982 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Evaluation of crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) by performance of beef cattle. |
| Author: Burns, J.C. |
| Source: Agronomy journal. May/June 1969. v. 61 (3) Pages p. 480-481. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1969 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Cold resistance of three species of lespedeza compared to that of alfalfa, red clover, and crown vetch. |
| Author: Tysdal, H.M. |
| Source: Journal of the American Society of Agronomy. Nov 1934. v. 26 (11) p. 923-928. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1934 |
| Abstract: Controlled freezing tests are reported for common lespedeza (L. striata), Korean lespedeza (L. stipulacea), perennial lespedeza (L. sericea), and crown vetch (C. varia). Alfalfa and red clover were included for comparison. Korean lespedeza proved to be least cold resistant of the group tested, the common lespedezas next, and perennial lespedeza most cold resistant. Crown vetch had more cold resistance than any of the lespedezas, but somewhat less than alfalfa or red clover. With reference to the influence of stage of growth on cold resistance in general, alfalfa and red clover increased in cold resistance with advance in stage of growth after the two-leaf stage, while lespedezas decreased in cold resistance, a rather striking reversal being shown in this respect. When seeds of Korean lespedeza and Grimm alfalfa were soaked from 1 to 5 days, the Korean seed was in every instance more cold resistant than the Grimm alfalfa. The minimum temperature to which lespedezas may be subjected without killing no doubt varies under different conditions. In these experiments an average temperature of -4.1 degrees C (22.8 degrees F) for 16 hours proved lethal to all lespedezas. A minimum temperature of -4.5 degrees with an average of -2.8 degrees showed considerable killing of Korean and common lespedezas. |
< Back
Next >
Back To Invasives Common Name Index
|
