SAIN Invasive Plant Pests Resource Collection for: Common privet
Species (scientific name): Ligustrum vulgare
| Title: The suitability of selected tree and shrub species as browse for red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in respect to site conditions in the East Ore Mountains. |
| Author: Boerner-D {a}; Quade-S {a}; Herzog-S. |
| Source: Zeitschrift-fuer-Jagdwissenschaft Sept., 1999; 45 (3): 174-186. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: During the past decades the planting of timber species has led to a qualitative and quantitative decimation of the species abundance among suitable deciduous forage trees and shrubs. In order to cover their natural demand for fiber rich browse, red deer browse on timber trees in species poor biotopes. A possibility to compensate for the often great demage caused by this browsing is the establishment of plantings with appropriate browse species (Table 1). These planted areas help alleviate the browsing pressure on the timber trees as well as on the succession of other shrub and herb species. The evaluation of a planting trial for 5 different woody species as possible browse clearly showed the great differences in their suitability and acceptance (Table 5). The basis for evaluation was the investigation of various relevant characteristics of browse plants. Nutrient contents, forage production (Figure 1) regeneration potential (Table 3), and the decrease in net forage production with andwithout trimming (Figure 2), as well as the forage mass used by the red deer (Figure 3) and the browsing intensity to determine preferences (Figure 4) were all taken into consideration. Finally cost differences as a decision factor in the establishment of browse areas were included (Figure 5). The results for the individual species tested were weighted in accordance to their influence on their suitability as browse. From this the species were listed in order of preference (Table 4). Salix cordata, Salix alba, and Cornus alba in this sequence are suited as browse species under the conditions prevailing in these trials. The planting of Euonymus europea can only be recommended with limitations. Ligustrum vulgare is less appropriate under the site conditions of the trials. If the present trend of natural forest management with multiple tree and shrub species continues, then the establishment of special browse plantings will be of less importance in the next decades. In order to promote thefeasibility of this long term goal the establishment and management of browse plantings should be continued and encouraged. |
| Title: Recruitment of fleshy-fruited species under different shrub species: Control by under-canopy environment. |
| Author: Kollmann,-J.; Grubb,-P.J. |
| Source: Ecological-Research [Ecol.-Res.] 1999 vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 9-21. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: Seedling densities and the mortality of fleshy-fruited species under 10 European tall-shrub species and the tree Sorbus aria were analyzed in 10-year-old experimental scrub for one growing season. The mean total densities of seedlings of 18 fleshy-fruited species differed under the different `hosts', being highest under Crataegus monogyna, Viburnum opulus and Rosa canina (24-20 m super(-2)); intermediate under Sorbus aria, Rhamnus catharticus, Cornus sanguinea, Ligustrum vulgare and Juniperus communis (17-12 m super(-2)); and lowest under Euonymus europaeus, Viburnum lantana and Prunus spinosa (10-9 m super(-2)). This ranking was similar for the 11 planted species and for nine bird-dispersed, non-planted species which invaded the site, notably Hedera helix and Solanum dulcamara. Within the experimental scrub as a whole mortality of seedlings differed significantly among species, being highest in those with the smallest number of recruits. Mortality ranged from 94% and 89% for Solanum dulcamara and Viburnum opulus to 26% for Hedera helix and Ligustrum vulgare. The mean mortality across all species of seedlings did not differ significantly between host species, although it was slightly higher under Juniperus and Cornus (56%, 53%) and lower under Viburnum lantana and Rhamnus (42%, 41%). In four species, the mortality of seedlings was significantly higher under conspecific adults. Mean topsoil water content after a dry spell was negatively correlated with the diffuse site factor (DSF). The mean density of accumulated seedlings of the most abundant seedling species (Hedera) was positively correlated with the topsoil water content. Densities of other species showed no strong correlations with either topsoil water content or DSF. The probable factors controlling recruitment are discussed. |
| Title: Consistencies in post-dispersal seed predation of temperate fleshy-fruited species among seasons, years and sites. |
| Author: Kollmann-J {a}; Coomes-D-A; White-S-M. |
| Source: Functional-Ecology. Aug., 1998; 12 (4) 683-690. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: Seed predation of 12 fleshy-fruited species was recorded in experimental dishes under early successional forest in south-west Germany (four seasons 1992 and 1993) and in south England (summer 1995). On each occasion, 200 dishes were laid out, each containing five seeds of a given species. The mean time for three or more seeds to be removed was taken as a measure of granivore preferences. We tested correlations of these preferences with several physical and nutritional seed traits. 2. Live trapping and selectively accessible dishes indicated that rodents were the major granivores (Apodemus sylvaticus, Apodemus flavicollis, Clethrionomys glareolus); no predation by birds or insects was observed. The rank order of the rodents' seed preferences was consistent among sites, seasons and years, but mean predation differed between species, sites and seasons. Seed predation was highest in summer and lowest in winter. Possible implications of the seasonal pattern in predation risk are discussed. 3. The preferences of rodents were significantly correlated with the species-specific viability of seeds (i.e. percentage of sound seed) in five of eight experiments and with the percentage of water in the embryo-plus-endosperm fraction (EEF) in four of eight experiments. Surprisingly, preferences were not correlated to seed mass, EEF mass or nitrogen concentration. Predation was lowest among toxic species (Berberis vulgaris, Euonymus europaeus, Sambucus nigra) and among species with woody endocarps (Cornus sanguinea, Crataegus spp.). |
| Title: The family Oleaceae in the Caucasus flora. 2. The genera Ligustrum and Osmanthus. |
| Author: Imkhanitskaya-N-N. |
| Source: Botanicheskii-Zhurnal-St-Petersburg Oct., 1998; 83 (10): 100-104. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: The native to the Caucasus Ligustrum and Osmanthus species with the citations of synonyms, types and geographical distribution are presented. Phillyrea medwedewii is lectotypified. |
| Title: Ligustrum vulgare L. (Oleaceae). |
| Author: Halse-Richard-R. |
| Source: Madrono-Oct.-Dec., 1997; 44 (4) 397-398.1997. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Variability of leaves of Ligustrum vulgare (Oleaeae). |
| Author: Tyszkiewicz-Marek; Staszkiewicz-Jerzy. |
| Source: Fragmenta-Floristica-et-Geobotanica-Series-Polonica. 1997; 0 (SUPPL. 2) 235-244. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: In the present paper the variability of leaves of Ligustrum vulgare L. from Poland, Slovakia and Hungary on the basis of biometric studies is characterized. |
| Title: Performance of Southern Green Stink Bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Nymphs and Adults on a Novel Food Plant (Japanese Privet) and Other Hosts. |
| Author: Panizzi, Antonio R. , Vivan, Lucia M. , Foerster, Luis A. |
| Source: Annals of the Entomological Society of America. , NOV 01 1996 v 89 n 6. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Light demands of shrub seedlings and their establishment within scrublands. |
| Author: Kollmann, J. and Reiner, S.A. |
| Source: Flora : Morphologie, Geobotanik, Oekophysiologie. Flora (Jena, Germany) Apr 1996. v. 191 (2) Pages p. 191-200. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Bird-dispersed seed rain and seedling establishment in patchy Mediterranean vegetation. |
| Author: Debussche-M; Isenmann-P. |
| Source: Oikos-1994; 69 (3) 414-426. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: The composition and spatial patterns of the seed rain produced by bird dispersers and of the seedlings of fleshy-fruited plants have been studied in patchy Mediterranean vegetation in southern France. The seeds of fleshy-fruited plants were collected in seed traps during a 17-month period (1981-1983) and the fecal samples of bird dispersers mist-netted on the same 2.5-ha site over a 25-month period (1981-1984) were analysed. The locations of the 5 sets of seed traps and the 6 mist-nets were chosen in order to take into account the various plant communities and the successional gradient from old fields to Quercus ilex coppice. Seedling establishment of fleshy-fruited plants was censused in 1983 adjacent to the seed traps. In 1992 seedlings were again censused in the open coppice and in the old fields. The seeds of 38 fleshy-fruited plants were collected, including 13 alien and cultivated species. Among them, 25 species were dispersed by Sylvia atricapilla, which dispersed the most diverse and mixed seed rain of the various bird dispersers. Species richness of the seed rain increased log-linearly with seed density, ranging from 3 to 21 species per 0.25 m-2. Seed density was very heterogeneous in space. The maximum density of seeds was observed under the canopy of isolated trees and saplings in the old fields (up to 829 per 0.25 m-2) which are the favored perching places for the dispersers. Minimum density was observed in the same old fields outside the canopy of these same trees and saplings (down to 12 per 0.25 m-2). In the Quercus ilex coppice, the higher the canopy, the higher the seed density. Dispersal was a short distance process. A large majority of the seeds of Pyracanthia coccinea and Sambucus nigra were dispersed by birds less than 100 m from the maternal plant. However, a dispersal distance of gt 300 m was observed for a seed of Ligustrum vulgare. In 1983 the lt 1 yr-old seedlings of 17 fleshy-fruited plants, including only one alien species, and the 1-2 yr-old seedlings of 7 native species were censused. Thou-h important components of the seed rain. no 1-2 yr-old seedlings of several alien (e.g. Pyracantha coccinea) or native (e.g. Rhus coriaria) species were observed in the studied vegetation. Seedlings were more numerous under tree cover than in the coppice clearings. In the old fields, lt 1 yr-old seedlings were more numerous under the canopy than in open areas. No such difference was observed under saplings in 1983 and very few seedlings were observed in the old fields- The 1992 census suggested that the positive role of the cover of pioneer plants on seedling establishment progressively increased with successional development. This is probably due to an increase in the nurse effect and a decrease in the herbaceous cover under the canopy. It is suggested that, in old fields, the establishment of fleshy-fruited plants is favored when seeds are deposited under pioneer woody plants rather than in open areas. The bird disperser, thus trigger dynamic processes initiated by the pioneer woody plants in Mediterranean old field succession. More generally, dispersal of fleshy-fruited plants by birds is more significant in the central stages of succession gradient than it is in open herbaceous communities and in dense forest when both have an homogeneous structure. |
| Title: Interaction of paclobutrazol and other growth regulators in the process of rhizogenesis in Ligustrum vulgare L. |
| Author: Rauscherova, L. Tesfa, L. |
| Source: Scientia horticulturae. JAN 01 1993 v 53 n 1 / 2 167. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Fruit maturation in the shrub ligustrum vulgare(Oleaceae): lack of defoliation effects. |
| Author: Obeso, J.R. Grubb,P.J. |
| Source: Oikos; acta oecologica scandinavica. DEC 01 1993 v 68 n 3 309. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Fruit maturation in the shrub Ligustrum vulgare (Oleaceae): Lack of defoliation effects. |
| Author: Obeso-J-R {a}; Grubb-P-J. |
| Source: Oikos-1993; 68 (2) 309-316. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: The effects of four levels of defoliation (12, 25, 50, and 75%) of individual branches at the time of flowering on fruit and seed production of a shrub, Ligustrum vulgare L., were studied. The experimental design also allowed examination of the extent of branch independence. the effects of the positions of leaves removed, and the influence of leaf number on fruit and seed production. In contrast with most previous experiments of this type, the defoliation treatments had no effect on the percentage of flowers producing ripe fruits: they also had no effect on the phenology of fruit abortion or abortion rate. Either the fruits were filled front stores in the stem, or other branches supplied the assimilates needed. On control plants the variation in fruit production between branches within plants was larger than that between whole plants. The most important source of variation for fruit size and seed number per fruit was found in the within-branch component of variance. Leaf number per branch was important in determining flower number, and indirectly affected fruit number. The number of flowers per branch accounted for 54% of the variation in fruit production. |
| Title: Performance of landscape plants from Yugoslavia in the north central United States. |
| Author: Widrlechner, M.P., Hasselkus, E.R., Herman, D.E., Iles, J.K., Pair, J.C., Paparozzi, E.T., Schutzki, R.E., and Wildung, D.K. |
| Source: Journal of environmental horticulture. Dec 1992. v. 10 (4) Pages p. 192-198. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Effects of prolonged coolings on the amount of water and freezing resistance in the seed tissues of privet (Ligustrum vulgare L., Oleaceae). |
| Author: Gazeau, C. and Dereuddre, J. |
| Source: Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des sciences. Serie D: Sciences naturelles. June 16, 1980. v. 290 (22) Pages p. 1443-1446. ill. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1980 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Uptake and translocation of labelled iodide ion in privet (Ligustrum vulgare L.) as related to its defoliating activity. |
| Author: Marczynski, S. and Jankiewicz, L.S. |
| Source: Acta agrobotanica. 1978 (pub. 1979). v. 31 (1/2) Pages p. 61-70. ill., plate. Note 20 ref. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1979 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The effect of controlled temperature and humidity on the effectiveness of chemical defoliation of Ligustrum vulgare L. and Spiraea bumalda Burv. shrubs. |
| Author: Marczynski, S. and Jankiewicz, L.S. |
| Source: Acta agrobotanica. 1978 (pub. 1979). v. 31 (1/2) Pages p. 181-193. ill. Note 16 ref. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1978 |
| Abstract: NA |
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