SAIN Invasive Plant Pests Resource Collection for: Canada thistle
Species (scientific name): Cirsium arvense
| Title: Identifying Acetolactate synthase Inhibitors for Potential Control of Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) and Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) in Corn (Zea mays). |
| Author: Sprague, Christy L. Frasier, Amy L. Penner, Donald. |
| Source: Weed Technology JAN 01 1999 v 13 n 1 54. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Weeds in Arable Farming Systems - examples from Galium aparine and Cirsium arvense. |
| Author: Steinmann-H-H. |
| Source: Zeitschrift-fuer-Pflanzenkrankheiten-und-Pflanzenschutz. Jan., 1999; 106 (1): 21-32. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: The INTEX-project is an interdisciplinary approach to combine agricultural research and farming system development. In focus are two of the current farming systems: a) conventional farming, according to "Good Farming Practice" (three course rotation, inversion tillage); b) Integrated Farming System (four course rotation, flexible inversion or non-inversion tillage). Field size and crop management are according to practical demands. All crops of the rotation are established in every year. Starting in 1990, presently at least two cycles of the rotations are completed. During 9 years experimental time, populations of Galium aparine were monitored. Populations showed similar behaviour in Good Farming Practice and in Integrated Farming. Despite of higher densities during the first rotation in Integrated Farming, abundance of cleavers decreased again with course of time. The occurrence of the perennial weed Cirsium arvense was mapped in three successive years on two single fields of each farming system. Number of Cirsium-patches increased in winter barley and were suppressed again in the following oilseed rape. Again there was only a slight difference between the two farming systems. Using a geometrical "available area"-approach, the population changes could be tested statistically. This on-farm study showed that integrated weed management in farming systems can be maintained in the long term. Weed problems must not be worse than in conventional farming. Problems and perspectives of studying weeds in a field scale versus plot experiments are discussed. |
| Title: Effect of Perennial Grasses on Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control. |
| Author: Wilson, Robert G. Kachman, Stephen D. |
| Source: Weed technology JAN 01 1999 v 13 n 1 83. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1999 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Using the rosette technique for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control in row crops. |
| Author: Miller-Brett-R, Lym-Rodney-G. |
| Source: Weed-Technology. Oct.-Dec., 1998; 12 (4) 699-706. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: Clopyralid applied to Canada thistle rosettes has provided better control in the following growing season than applications to bolted plants. The objectives of this research were to determine if using cultivation to prevent plants from bolting prior to herbicide application (the rosette technique) could be successfully incorporated into a row crop production system and to evaluate the effect of Canada thistle growth stage on the absorption and translocation of 14C-clopyralid. Canada thistle control 8 mo after postharvest herbicide treatment (MAFT) using the rosette technique was similar to control when using conventional in-crop plus postharvest herbicide treatments in corn and soybean. Glyphosate and clopyralid plus 2,4-D were the most consistent postharvest herbicide treatments for Canada thistle control 8 MAFT in corn and soybean. Corn yields were similar, but soybean yields were slightly lower when Canada thistle was controlled using cultivation compared to conventional herbicide treatments. 14C-clopyralid translocation to Canada thistle roots and lower shoot parts was greater when clopyralid was applied to the rosette stage than when applied to bolted Canada thistle plants. The increased translocation probably accounts for the increased Canada thistle control observed in the field. Incorporating the rosette technique into a weed management program should allow growers to control Canada thistle with less herbicide input than do standard practices. |
| Title: A comparison of auxotrophic and wild strains of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum used as a mycoherbicide against Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense). |
| Author: Harvey,-I.C.; Bourdot,-G.W.; Saville,-D.J.; Sands,-D.C. |
| Source: BIOCONTROL-SCI.-TECHNOL. 1998 vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 73-81. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: Two auxotrophic mutant strains of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were tested in the greenhouse for pathogenicity on Cirsium arvense (Californian thistle) with and without amino acid amendments. An arginine auxotrophic mutant, with an amendment of the amino acid, followed an identical disease progress curve to that of the wild strain of the pathogen from which it was derived. However, when deprived of the amino acid amendment it was still highly pathogenic. A leucine auxotrophic mutant demonstrated poor pathogenicity without a leucine amendment, but improved pathogenicity with the addition of the amino acid. However, both of these treatments were inferior to the two wild strains tested and the arginine auxotroph with and without amendments. A field experiment was conducted on C. arvense stems in permanent pasture to compare the pathogenicity of amended auxotrophic strains and wild strains of S. sclerotiorum applied as a granule in a wheat-based carrier. The two wild strains gave significant reductions in thistle cover within 3 months of treatment, and subsequent reductions in thistle stem height and density during the following season. There was no evidence that the auxotrophic strains reduced thistle cover in the season the treatments were applied, but they did reduce subsequent stem density in the following spring. To determine disease carry-over associated with the wild and auxotrophic strains of the pathogen, rape was planted into subplots over the next three consecutive seasons. Despite substantial populations of sclerotia being present in the soil, especially in the first season after treatment of the thistles, no disease of rape caused by S. sclerotiorum was detected over the three seasons in any of the plots. Sclerotium populations of S. sclerotiorum in the soil declined by over 50% between 20 and 32 months after treatment, but there was no decline over the subsequent 12 months. The trial demonstrated that the auxotrophic strains were less field fit compared with the wild strains and that the presence of inoculum and a susceptible host to S. sclerotiorum were not the only prerequisites for disease development. It was concluded that use of a trap crop following treatment is not a suitable method for determining the risk of using this pathogen as a mycoherbicide in pasture. |
| Title: Effect of moisture stress and glyphosphate on adventitious shoot growth of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). |
| Author: Tworkoski-Thomas-J, Engle-Michael-E; Kujawski-Peter-T. |
| Source: Weed-Science. Jan.-Feb., 1998; 46 (1) 59-64. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1998 |
| Abstract: The effect of reduced water availability on glyphosate efficacy and adventitious shoot growth in male and female clones of Canada thistle was studied. Water availability was regulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in hydroponically grown plants or by withholding water from soil-grown plants. In hydroponic media, there was 50% more adventitious shoot growth from male plants than from female plants. Both PEG and foliarly applied glyphosate reduced the number of adventitious shoots, regardless of gender. In soil, the same number of adventitious shoots formed on untreated male and female plants. However, when glyphosate was applied to plants growing under dry conditions, there was 75% more adventitious shoot growth from males than females. Distribution of glyphosate was similar in male and female plants. Approximately 23% of applied 14C-glyphosate was transported throughout Canada thistle plants within 10 d of treatment regardless of gender or moisture condition. Gender differences in capacity for vegetative reproduction may alter the sex ratio of Canada thistle populations in the field following glyphosate application. |
| Title: Modelling and mapping geographic ranges to evaluate weed biocontrol agents. A case study using Altica carduorum (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Cirsium arvense (Asteraceae). |
| Author: Lactin-D-J; Harris-P; Johnson-D-L {a}; Wan-F-H; Thomas-A-G . |
| Source: Biocontrol-Science-and-Technology. Dec., 1997; 7 (4) 657-670. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: Leaf-feeding beetles, Altica carduorum, from a population in NW China have been identified as candidate agents for biocontrol of Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense. This paper assesses the potential of beetles from this population to establish on the Canadian prairies. A phenological model is applied to determine where sufficient heat accumulates to allow completion of at least one generation per year. The model was applied both with and without a submodel of adult thermoregulation. The model was driven using meteorological data from a grid covering the agricultural region of the Canadian prairies, i.e. ca. 670 000 km2, at a resolution of ltoreq (50 X 50) km. In each grid square, the percentage of the years 1960-89 for which the model indicated that at least one generation could have been completed was calculated; these proportions were categorized (0-80%; 80-99% and 100%) and mapped. Maps of C. arvense density over the simulation region were also produced, and compared to the maps of predicted beetle distribution. The model suggests that A. carduorum could establish over much of the prairies. Without thermoregulation, the predicted range (i.e. the area in which one generation was completed in every year) is restricted to the warmer parts of the prairies, where C. arvense is generally sparse. Inclusion of thermoregulation almost doubled the predicted range to cover most of the range of C. arvense on the Canadian prairies, missing only the cooler peripheral areas. These results suggest that this strain of A. carduorum has potential to overlap the range of C. arvense on the Canadian prairies, and so has potential to control this weed. |
| Title: Mycobiota of Cirsium arvense and allied species over the territory of the European part of Russia. |
| Author: Berestetskii A.O. |
| Source: Mikologiya-i-Fitopatologiya 1997; 31 (4) 39-45. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: As the first step of developing a bioherbicide the mycobiota of C. arvense, C. incanum and C. setosum over the territory of the European part of Russia was studied. In 1994-1996 field surveys were carried out in Krasnodar, Rostov, Saratov, Voronezh, Tambov, Belgorod, Novgorod, Leningrad and some other regions of Russia. More than 150 specimens were collected, 70 strains of phytopathogenic fungi were isolated in pure culture, of which 28 species were identified. Complexes of pathogens were detected. In addition the studies on culturing and confirmation of pathogenicity of some fungi were carried out. As a result of the field surveys (visual assessment of occurrence and disease level), cultural studies and inoculation tests (high spore production and pathogenicity), the fungus, S. cirsii has been chosen for future investigations as a potential bioherbicide for controlling C. arvense and the allied Cirsium species. |
| Title: Taxonomy and bioecology of eriophyids (Acari: Eriophyoidea) associated with Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. |
| Author: Petanovic,-R.; Boczek,-J.; Stojnic,-B. |
| Source: ACirsium arvenseROLOGIA 1997 vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 181-192. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: Comparison of eriophyid mites occurring on Cirsium arvense (L.) over two growing seasons showed two forms of females which were previously called separate species Aceria? anthocoptes (Nalepa, 1892) and Aceria leonthodontis (Lindroth, 1904). According to our data, two forms of females belong to one species Aceria anthocoptes (Nal.). Males studied during the whole growing season had the characteristics similar to protogynes. Damages caused by both forms were the same. In the middle of the season transitional forms between protogynes and deutogynes were often found. |
| Title: Use of risk analysis for screening weed biocontrol agents: Altica carduorum Guer. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from China as a biocontrol agent of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. in North America. |
| Author: Wan,-Fang-Hao; Harris,-P. |
| Source: BIOCONTROL-SCI.-TECHNOL. 1997 vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 299-308. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: Candidate weed biocontrol agents must be screened to exclude those that could threaten desirable plants. Traditionally, this has been done by rejecting species that develop on economically important plants in laboratory no-choice tests. However, because congeneric plants often support development in these tests, even when they are not utilized in nature, the tests do not meet legislated requirements for rare plant species or the increasing public concern for native plants. Plant suitability for larval development is a poor predictor of host range because insects use a sequence of steps in which the early steps, such as host finding and acceptance for oviposition, tend to be stronger than the later ones, such as suitability for development. This study is a trial of a new approach to screening insects as weed biocontrol agents that uses risk analysis to quantify the suitability of a plant as a host on the basis of inset performance at various stages in its life cycle. The insects used for the study was a NW Chinese biotype of the leaf beetle, Altica carduorum, which in terms of climate adaptation and damage it inflicts on the weedy thistle Cirsium arvense, is a promising biocontrol agent for Canada. However, its ability to develop on all North American Cirsium spp. in laboratory no-choice tests currently excludes its release. We show by risk and factor-analyses, with five sequential host-selection parameters, that the suitability of these thistles to A. carduorum is so low that the beetle would not jeopardize the continued existence of rare native thistles, so its release should not be a problem. |
| Title: Modelling and mapping geographic ranges to evaluate weed biocontrol agents: A case study using Altica carduorum (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Cirsium arvense (Asteraceae). |
| Author: Lactin,-D.J.; Harris,-P.; Johnson,-D.L.*; Wan,-F.-H.; Thomas,-A.G. |
| Source: BIOCONTROL-SCI.-TECHNOL. 1997 vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 657-670. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: Leaf-feeding beetles, Altica carduorum, from a population in NW China have been identified as candidate agents for biocontrol of Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense. This paper assesses the potential of beetles from this population to establish on the Canadian prairies. A phenological model is applied to determine where sufficient heat accumulates to allow completion of at least one generation per year. The model was applied both with and without a submodel of adult thermoregulation. The model was driven using meteorological data from a grid covering the agricultural region of the Canadian prairies, i.e. ca. 670 000 km super(2), at a resolution of less than or equal to (50 x 50) km. In each grid square, the percentage of the years 1960-89 for which the model indicated that at least one generation could have been completed was calculated; these proportions were categorized (0-80%; 80-99% and 100%) and mapped. Maps of C. arvense density over the simulation region were also produced, and compared to the maps of predicted beetle distribution. The model suggests that A. carduorum could establish over much of the prairies. Without thermoregulation, the predicted range (i.e. the area in which one generation was completed in every year) is restricted to the warmer parts of the prairies, where C. arvense is generally sparse. Inclusion of thermoregulation almost doubled the predicted range to cover most of the range of C. arvense on the Canadian prairies, missing only the cooler peripheral areas. These results suggest that this strain of A. carduorum has potential to overlap the range of C. arvense on the Canadian prairies, and so has potential to control this weed. |
| Title: Analysis of the spatial distribution of weeds and the planning of a future monitoring by example of the occurrence of Cirsium arvense L. within a field site. |
| Author: Dammer-K-H, Koerner-S, Wittmann- C. |
| Source: Zeitschrift-fuer-Pflanzenkrankheiten-und-Pflanzenschutz Dec., 1997; 104 (6) 557-568. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: The occurrence of Cirsium arvense L. within a sugarbeet field site was completely recorded using intensity classes. By fourier analysis as a tool for characterizing large scale variability, we detected a periodic spatial structure. Small scale variability was characterized by variograms providing information about the spatial autocorrelation structure. Using the information of the results of these procedures, monitoring plans were suggested. Based on the data at reduced sampling points, we performed a reestimation of the original data set by Kriging and evaluated the correspondence. As data base for the various procedures, we used intensity classes as well as class centers. The results were compared. |
| Title: Growth and regenerative capacity of plants of Cirsium arvense. |
| Author: Gustavsson-Ann-Marie-Dock. |
| Source: Weed-Research. 1997; 37 (4) 229-236. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: The undisturbed growth and regenerative capacity of the root system of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. were studied in one glasshouse and one field experiment. In the glasshouse experiment, two lengths of root fragment from the same clone, previously grown at two nitrogen levels, were planted in boxes. Plants that developed from these fragments were inspected on eight occasions to assess their undisturbed development and growth, above and below ground, and their regenerative capacity after disturbance by burial at different points of development. The initial nitrogen content of the roots had no effect on growth measurements, but longer root fragments produced greater masses of primary shoots, new roots and shoots from the new roots than did shorter ones. After disturbance at early stages (4-7 leaves with a minimum length of 5 cm), plants originating from shorter root fragments did not regrow at all. Plants originating from longer root fragments exhibited a minimum regenerative capacity when disturbed at the eight-leaf stage. In the field experiment, root fragments of length 12 cm, from the same clone, were planted in October 1991 at 5 cm or 20 cm depth. Plants that developed from these fragments were studied on 12 occasions, from April to July 1992. Plants emerging from a depth of 20 cm reached a point of positive net assimilation 28 days (380 day degrees) later than those developing from a depth of 5 cm. The plants exhibited a minimum regenerative capacity when their primary shoots had, on average, 10 (plants from 5-cm root fragments) or seven (plants from 20-cm root fragments) expanded leaves. |
| Title: Modelling and mapping geographic ranges to evaluate weed biocontrol agents: A case study using Altica carduorum (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and ) Cirsium arvense (Asteraceae). |
| Author: Lactin,-D.J.; Harris,-P.; Johnson,-D.L.*; Wan,-F.-H.; Thomas,-A.G. |
| Source: BIOCONTROL-SCI.-TECHNOL. 1997 vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 657-670. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1997 |
| Abstract: Leaf-feeding beetles, Altica carduo rum, from a population in NW China have been identified as candidate agents for biocontrol of Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense. This paper assesses the potential of beetles from this population to establish on the Canadian prairies. A phenological model is applied to determine where sufficient heat accumulates to allow completion of at least one generation per year. The model was applied both with and without a submodel of adult thermoregulation. The model was driven using meteorological data from a grid covering the agricultural region of the Canadian prairies, i.e. ca. 670 000 km super(2), at a resolution of less than or equal to (50 x 50) km. In each grid square, the percentage of the years 1960-89 for which the model indicated that at least one generation could have been completed was calculated; these proportions were categorized (0-80%; 80-99% and 100%) and mapped. Maps of C. arvense density over the simulation region were also produced, and compared to the maps of predicted beetle distribution. The model suggests that A. carduorum could establish over much of the prairies. Without thermoregulation, the predicted range (i.e. the area in which one generation was completed in every year) is restricted to the warmer parts of the prairies, where C. arvense is generally sparse. Inclusion of thermoregulation almost doubled the predicted range to cover most of the range of C. arvense on the Canadian prairies, missing only the cooler peripheral areas. These results suggest that this strain of A. carduorum has potential to overlap the range of C. arvense on the Canadian prairies, and so has potential to control this weed. |
| Title: Control of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) with glyphosate applied at the bud vs rosette stage. |
| Author: Hunter, J.H. |
| Source: Weed Science 44:934-938. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The importance of seeds and sexual reproduction in the population biology of Cirsium arvense - a literature review. |
| Author: Heimann, B. , Cussans, G.W. |
| Source: Weed research. , DEC 01 1996 v 36 n 6 , 493. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The important of seeds and sexual reproduction in the population biology of Cirsium arvense: A literature review. |
| Author: Heimann-B; Cussans-G-W. |
| Source: Weed-Research. 1996; 36 (6) 493-503. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: In this review the available information on the sexual reproduction of Cirsium arvense L. (Scop.) is summarized and discussed in an ecological context. Certain aspects of its sexual reproduction system have given C. arvense a reputation for low efficiency: the dioecious mating system and dependence on insects for pollination and non-adaptive features for wind dispersal. The seeds are moderately persistent in soil and, for a temperate weed, have a high temperature requirement for germination. It is concluded that the contribution that sexual reproduction makes to the survival and spread of this species has been underestimated, partly owing to an inadequate number of studies. Seedling recruitment via sexual reproduction may be an important mechanism for initiating continued genetic diversity at intra- and inter-population levels. |
| Title: Host specificity of Altica carduorum Guer. (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera), a defoliator of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Asteraceae) from North-western China. |
| Author: Wan-Fang-Hao; Harris-Peter; Cai-Lei-Ming; Zhang-Mao-Xin. |
| Source: Biocontrol-Science-and-Technology. 1996; 6 (4) 521-530. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: Traditionally, insects are not approved for release in North America as agents for the biological control of weeds if the larvae complete development on desirable plants in no-choice tests. This criterion excludes the use of the leaf-feeding beetle Altica carduroum Guer. since it can complete development on all Cirsium spp., including rare North American species, although in nature it is only known from the target weed Cirsium arvense. Host suitability is the result of a sequence of selection factors, and this study shows that most discrimination between thistle species is the result of host finding and egg production, and not larval developmental ability. In no-choice tests, the larvae completed development on 18 Cirsium species in five sections of the genus that were tested and on Silybum marianum, but not on other genera in the tribe Cardueae or more distantly related Asteraceae. The adult food consumption on C. arvense was two to eight times greater than on other Cirsium species, many of which, such as C. pitcheri and C. drummondii, received no feeding by over 50% of the beetles in the first 24 h. The best North American thistle for egg production was C. scariosum, but this was only 28% of that on C. arvense. The preference for C. arvense in multiple-choice tests increased with the size of the arena. In the largest, an area of 6 ml, 80% of the beetles and eggs were found on C. arvense and none were found on plants outside the subtribe Carduineae. Thus, as theory predicts, host discrimination between thistle species takes place at earlier stages than suitability for larval development, and this should be considered when determining the safety of candidate agents. |
| Title: Biology and ecology of Altica carduorum (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) from north-western China: A potential biocontrol agent for Cirsium arvense (Asteraceae) in Canada. |
| Author: Wan,-Fang-Hao; Harris,-P.; Cai,-Lei-Ming; Zhang,-Mao-Xin. |
| Source: BIOCONTROL-SCI.-TECHNOL. 1996 vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 509-519. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: The biotype of the defoliating beetle, Altica carduorum, from Wusu Xinjiang, China was studied as a biocontrol agent for Cirsium arvense in Canada. At Wusu, the beetle is particularly damaging to C. arvense in irrigated crops and fallow fields. A release of 300 adult A. carduorum at Urumqi, Xinjiang, dispersed to cover an area with a radius of 600 m by the following year, where it destroyed almost 60% of C. arvense leaves and resulted in plant wilting at a density of 4.5 beetles/plant. Laboratory studies of the beetle's development of 2 degree C intervals from 15 to 27 degree C identified the optimum developmental temperature as 25.5 degree C. Beetles reared at this temperature laid an average of 245 eggs, with a 41-fold generation increase. Habitat comparisons between biotypes of A. carduorum from Wusu and Europe suggest that the Wusu biotype may be better suited as a biocontrol agent of C. arvense on the Canadian prairies. |
| Title: Biology and ecology of Altica carduorum (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) from Northwestern China: A potential biocontrol agent for Cirsium arvense (Asteraceae) in Canada. |
| Author: Wan-Fang-Hao; Harris-Peter; Cai-Lei-Ming; Zhang-Mao-Xin. |
| Source: Biocontrol-Science-and-Technology. 1996; 6 (4) 509-519. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: The biotype of the defoliating beetle, Altica carduroum, from Wusu Xinjiang, China was studied as a biocontrol agent for Cirsium arvense in Canada. At Wusu, the beetle is particularly damaging to C. arvense in irrigated crops and fallow fields. A release of 300 adult A. carduorum at Urumqi, Xinjiang, dispersed to cover an area with a radius of 600 m by the following year, where it destroyed almost 60% of C. arvense leaves and resulted in plant wilting at a density of 4.5 beetles/plant. Laboratory studies of the beetle's development of 2 degree C intervals from 15 to 27 degree C identified the optimum developmental temperature as 25.5 degree C. Beetles reared at this temperature laid an average of 245 eggs, with a 41-fold generation increase. Habitat comparisons between biotypes of A. carduorum from Wusu and Europe suggest that the Wusu biotype may be better suited as a biocontrol agent of C. arvense on the Canadian prairies. |
| Title: Host finding and recognition by Altica carduorum, a defoliator of Cirsium arvense. |
| Author: Wan,-F.-H.; Harris,-P. |
| Source: ENTOMOL.-EXP.-APPL. 1996 vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 491-496. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: Altica carduorum Guer. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) populations aggregate on vigorously growing stands of its host, the thistle Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Asteraceae). The beetle needs contact to recognize a Cirsium species and biting to distinguish its host C. arvense. Feeding or mechanical damage on C. arvense, but not other Cirsium species, aggregates the beetles. Also feces from feeding on C. arvense, but not other Cirsium species, aggregates the opposite sex. Adults also aggregate on larval feces. We suggest that initial host location in the spring depends on random encounter by beetles overwintering in a stand of C. arvense. The beetles commonly make short flights after feeding and either land on another C. arvense plant, which establishes a secondary aggregation centre, or return to the original one. In this manner beetles released on a stand of C. arvense in China spread a radius of 600 m in a year, but those released 35 m away from their host failed to find it. Altica carduorum will develop on any Cirsium species to which it is confined, but is monophagous in the field because host finding is dependent on aggregation to wound and feces substances that are specific to C. arvense. |
| Title: Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Effects on Yield Components of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum). |
| Author: Donald, William W. Khan, Mohammad. |
| Source: Weed science. JAN 01 1996 v 44 n 1 114. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1996 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Perennial and biennial thistle control. |
| Author: Lym, R.G. and R. Zollinger. |
| Source: North Dakota State University Extension Service Publication W-799. Fargo ND. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) response to density of Cassida rubignosa (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) and plant competition. |
| Author: Ang, B.N., L.T. Kok, G.I. Holtzman, and D.D. Wolf. |
| Source: Biological Control 5:31-38. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) Response to Density of Cassida rubiginosa Muller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Plant Competition. |
| Author: Ang-B-N {a}; Kok-L-T {a}; Holtzman-G-I; Wolf-D-D. |
| Source: Biological-Control. 1995; 5 (1) 31-38. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: Response of Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., to density of Cassida rubiginosa Muller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a defoliator, and plant competition from a combination of tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb., a grass, and crownvetch, Coronilla varia L., a legume, was determined in a 2-year field study. Both C. rubiginosa and plant competition significantly reduced biomass and survival of Canada thistle. In both years, C. rubiginosa had a greater detrimental effect on the thistles than plant competition. When there were significant plant competition effects, thistle biomass and survival were consistently higher in treatments without plant competition at all densities of C. rubiginosa tested. With 20 C. rubiginosa per plant (introduced to 12- to 15-cm-diameter rosettes), less than one-third of the planted thistles survived at the end of the season. As growth of crownvetch was slow, tall fescue provided Canada thistle with the primary source of plant competition. Treatments without plant competition produced more dicots (excluding Canada thistle) than treatments with plant competition, indicating the added advantage of tall fescue and crownvetch in keeping out other nondesirable vegetation as Canada thistle is suppressed. This study demonstrates that long-term control of Canada thistle is achievable with C. rubiginosa and plant competition. |
| Title: Performance of clopyralid, isoproturon and 2, 4-D on the control of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) in wheat (Triticum aestivum). |
| Author: Panwar-R-S; Malik-R-K; Balyan-R-S; Punia-S-S; Rathi-S-S. |
| Source: Indian-Journal-of-Agronomy. 1995; 40 (1) 102-104. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The insect complexes associated with the stems of seven thistle species. |
| Author: Freese, G. |
| Source: Entomologia Generalis 19:191-207. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The role of allelopathy in buckwheat (Fagopyrum sagittatum) inhibition of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). |
| Author: Eskelsen,-S.R.; Crabtree,-G.D. |
| Source: WEED-SCI. 1995 vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 70-74. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: A replacement series experiment was conducted in the field to quantify the interaction between Canada thistle and buckwheat, and to determine if allelopathy was the mechanism of interference. Plant biomass data indicated that buckwheat only responded to intraspecific competition and not interspecific competition from Canada thistle. Canada thistle responded to interspecific competition from buckwheat plants but not to intraspecific competition. The absence of one of the interspecific competition components (no measurable effect of Canada thistle density on buckwheat) indicates that the value for niche differentiation is probably greater than unity, signifying that there is no mutual antagonism between buckwheat and Canada thistle. Because allelopathy is one mechanism that causes mutual inhibition, data do not support the hypothesis that buckwheat interferes with Canada thistle by allelopathy. |
| Title: Canada Thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] Response to Density of Cassida rubiginosa Muller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Plant Competition. |
| Author: Wolf, D.D. Ang, B.N. Kok, L.T. |
| Source: Biological control : theory and applications in MAR 01 1995 v 5 n 1 31. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Demographic and biomass production consequences of inundative treatment of Cirsium arvense with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. |
| Author: Bourdot,-G.W.; Harvey,-I.C.; Hurrell,-G.A.; Saville,-D.J. |
| Source: BIOCONTROL-SCI.-TECHNOL. 1995 vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 11-25. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: The adventitious shoots in three populations of Cirsium arvense in sheep-grazed pastures were treated in October (spring) 1991 with a mycelium/wheat formulation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the fates of mapped shoots were followed over the growing season. In untreated plots, deaths through natural causes were compensated for by births (emergence of new shoots above the soil) throughout the growing season, but, on plots treated with S. sclerotiorum deaths from the induced disease exceeded births for 35 days following treatment, causing the shoot population to decline markedly. Disease-induced deaths occurred only among shoots present at the time of treatment; there was no evidence of transfer of the pathogen to shoots emerging after the treatment was applied. A life-table analysis showed that only 8% of the adventitious shoots emerging during the growing season survived to seeding on treated plots, compared with 28% on the untreated plots; most mortalities occurred in shoots at the vegetative stage of development. The dry mass of propagative roots in autumn was reduced to 35% of that on the untreated plots by the pathogen and the density of shoots emerging the following spring was reduced to a similar extent. The results of this study indicate that S. sclerotiorum has potential as a mycoherbicide for C. arvense in sheep-grazed pasture in New Zealand. |
| Title: Effect of bud vs rosette growth stage on translocation of 14C-Glyphosate in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). |
| Author: Hunter, J.H. |
| Source: Weed Science 43:347-351. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1995 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Comparison of time and depth of last tillage on the growth of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) in summerfallow and its response to glyphosate. |
| Author: Darwent, A.L., L. Townley-Smith, and L.P. Lefkovitch. |
| Source: Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74:867-873. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) response to simulated insect defoliation and plant competition. |
| Author: Ang,-B.N.; Kok,-L.T.; Holtzman,-G.I.; Wolf,-D.D. |
| Source: WEED-SCI. 1994 vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 403-410. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: The combined influence of plant competition and defoliation on development of Canada thistle was investigated in a 2-yr field study. Plant competition was induced by seeding tall fescue and crown vetch. Artificial defoliation was used to simulate various levels of leaf removal by insects. Both defoliation and induced competition reduced biomass of Canada thistle but their impact varied with environmental conditions. Defoliation had a greater detrimental influence than induced competition on thistle biomass in a dry year when growth of the plant competitors was suppressed. In a wet year, induced competition was more important in suppressing Canada thistle than defoliation, and moderate levels of defoliation (25%), applied once when the thistles were 12 to 15 cm in diam, stimulated root weight within the top 20 cm of soil. Reduction in thistle biomass increased with level of defoliation and was greatest when defoliation was applied repeatedly at 14-d intervals in the presence of induced competition. Crown vetch showed very little growth in one season and tall fescue was the primary source of competition for the thistles. The results confirm the hypothesis that combined stresses can substantially reduce biomass development of Canada thistle plants. |
| Title: Canada thistle occurrence and biology (abstract). |
| Author: Gustavsson, A.M.D. |
| Source: Vaxtskyddsnotiser 58(3):79-84. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Preharvest applications of glyphosate for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control. |
| Author: Darwent, A.L., K.J. Kirkland, M.N. Baig, and L.P. Lefkovitch. |
| Source: Weed Technology 8:477-482. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Puccinia punctiformis affects growth and reproduction of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). |
| Author: Thomas, R.F., T.J. Tworkoski, R.C. French, and G.R. Leather. |
| Source: Weed Technology 8:488-493. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Exploitation of Canada thistle by the weevil Rhinocyllus conicus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in northern Utah. |
| Author: Youssef, N.N. and E.W. Evans. |
| Source: Environmental Entomology 23:1013-1019. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Quantitative resistance of Cirsium arvense to root bud infection by Puccinia punctiformis. |
| Author: `Frantzen,-J.; Van-Der-Zweerde,-W. |
| Source: BIOCONTROL-SCI.-TECHNOL. 1994 vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 223-228. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: A method is presented to test clones of Cirsium arvense for resistance to root bud infection by the rust fungus Puccinia punctiformis. Root buds were stained and cleared to detect mycelium of the rust. The fraction of root buds infected was determined and used as a measure of resistance. Clones of C. arvense, collected from three sites, were tested for resistance to infection. Variation in resistance was determined between and within sites. The results are discussed with a view to using P. punctiformis to control C. arvense. |
| Title: Mating system, life-history, and reproduction in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense; Asteraceae). |
| Author: Lalonde, R.G. and B.D. Roitberg. |
| Source: American Journal of Botany 81:21-28. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Volatiles from germinating Canada thistle seed and root cuttings that stimulate germination of teliospores of the Canada thistle rust fungus, Puccinia punctiformis. |
| Author: French, R.C., S.E. Nester, and R.G. Binder. |
| Source: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 42:2937-2941. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: An epidemiological study of Puccinia punctiformis (Str.) Rohl as a stepping-stone to the biological control of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. |
| Author: Frantzen, J. |
| Source: New Phytologist 127:147-154. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Response of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) and leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) clones to chlorsulfuron, clopyralid, and glyphosate. |
| Author: Frank, J.R. and T.J. Tworkoski. |
| Source: Weed Technology 8:565-571. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The role of clonal growth in the pathosystem Cirsium arvense - Puccinia punctiformis. |
| Author: Frantzen,-J. |
| Source: Cirsium arvenseN.-J.-BOT.-REV.-Cirsium arvenseN.-BOT. 1994 vol. 72, no. 6, pp. 832-836. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: The impact of the pathogenic rust fungus Puccinia punctiformis on the population dynamics of the clonal host plant Cirsium arvense was studied using field data and a matrix population model. To account for the spatial growth pattern of C. arvense, the study area was divided into cells of 10 x 10 cm. The cells were classified as empty (no C. arvense shoots), diseased (shoots infected by P. punctiformis), or healthy. The spatial growth pattern of C. arvense could be described as static or dynamic. Abundance of C. arvense depended largely on dynamic clonal growth. Shoots produced by dynamic clonal growth had a lower probability to be infected by P. punctiformis than shoots produced by static clonal growth. Dynamic clonal growth seemed to serve as a mechanism of disease escape. The results are discussed with respect to the use of P. punctiformis as biological agent for control of C. arvense in grasslands. |
| Title: Geostatistics for mapping weeds, with a Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) patch as a case study. |
| Author: Donald, W.W. |
| Source: Weed Science 42:648-657. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control in no-tillage corn (Zea mays). |
| Author: Glenn-Scott; Heimer-Lane-K. |
| Source: Weed-Technology. 1994; 8 (1) 134-138. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: Canada thistle control in no-tillage corn was studied in Western Maryland from 1990 to 1992. The best treatment at planting for controlling Canada thistle was a tank mixture of 2240 g/ha glyphosate plus 560 g/ha 2,4-D. Clopyralid applied at 210 and 280 g/ha alone and 106 g/ha tank mixed with 560 g/ha 2,4-D effectively controlled Canada thistle in no-tillage corn (85 to 96%). Nicosulfuron applied at 35 g/ha and 20 or 40 g/ha primisulfuron suppressed Canada thistle (59 to 75%). Tank mixtures of nicosulfuron or primisulfuron with 2,4-D or dicamba generally increased Canada thistle control (75 to 87%) compared with control by these herbicides applied alone. Treatments that controlled Canada thistle generally increased corn yields compared with the weedy controls. Yield increases were most dramatic in 1991 when precipitation was low. |
| Title: The role of clonal growth in the pathosystem Cirsium arvense-Puccinia punctiformis. |
| Author: Frantzen-J. |
| Source: Canadian-Journal-of-Botany. 1994; 72 (6) 832-836. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: The impact of the pathogenic rust fungus Puccinia punctiformis on the population dynamics of the clonal host plant Cirsium arvense was studied using field data and a matrix population model. To account for the spatial growth pattern of C. arvense, the study area was divided into cells of 10 alpha 10 cm. The cells were classified as empty (no C. arvense shoots), diseased (shoots infected by P. punctiformis), or healthy. The spatial growth pattern of C. arvense could be described as static or dynamic. Abundance of C. arvense depended largely on dynamic clonal growth. Shoots produced by dynamic clonal growth had a lower probability to be infected by P. punctiformis than shoots produced by static clonal growth. Dynamic clonal growth seemed to serve as a mechanism of disease escape. The results are discussed with respect to the use of P. punctiformis as biological agent for control of C. arvense in grasslands. |
| Title: The effect of inoculum substrate and dew period on the pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum when applied as a mycoherbicide to Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense). |
| Author: Harvey-I-C; Alexander-R-A; Waipara-N-W; Saville-D-J. |
| Source: Australasian-Plant-Pathology. 1994; 23 (2) 50-56. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1994 |
| Abstract: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was grown on solid substrates based on kibbled (cracked) wheat and pine sawdust with various additives to examine its potential as a mycoherbicide against Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense). Mycelial growth was vigorous on wheat but very weak on sawdust. Growth was only marginally slower on a substrate of equal weights of wheat and sawdust than on wheat. The addition of vegetable oil to the substrates did not enhance the basic growth rates. The subsequent growth out of the fungus-infested particles into pure culture was faster from wheat than from sawdust particles in the wheat plus sawdust mixture substrate. The rate of lesion development on excised leaves of Californian thistle inoculated with these substrates reflected these differences. Neither vegetable oil nor oxalic acid as additives, increased the speed of infection or rate of lesion development. When plants of C. arvense were inoculated in the glasshouse, the mycelium-infested sawdust plus wheat substrate gave slower disease development than the wheat substrate. Increasing the length of the dew period caused faster disease development, especially in the sawdust plus wheat substrate. These results suggest S. sclerotiorum will require a suitable energy source and free moisture when used as a mycelium-based mycoherbicide. |
| Title: Septoria cirsii, a potential biocontrol agent of Canada thistle and its phytotoxin-beta nitropropionic acid. |
| Author: Hershenhorn, J. M. Vurro, M.C. Zonno, A. Stierle, and G. Strobel. |
| Source: Plant Science (Limerick) 94:227-234. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Invasive plants of natural habitats in Canada. |
| Author: White, D.J., E. Haber, and C. Keddy. |
| Source: Canadian Wildlife Service, Canadian Museum of Nature. Ottawa, Ontario. 121 pp. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Integrated control of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. in pastures. |
| Author: Diamond, J. |
| Source: Ph.D. thesis, McGill University (Canada). 186 p. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control with Disking and Herbicides. |
| Author: Zimdahl, Robert L. Foster, Gus. |
| Source: Weed technology JAN 01 1993 v 7 n 1 146. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Root versus shoot measurements to evaluate recovery of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) after several years of control treatments. |
| Author: Donald, W.W. |
| Source: Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73:369-373. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Retreatment with fall-applied herbicides for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control. |
| Author: Donald, W.W. |
| Source: Weed Science 41:434-440. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Field studies with Cassida rubignosa (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) in Canada thistle. |
| Author: Tipping, P.W. |
| Source: Environmental Entomology 22:1402-1407. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control with discing and herbicides. |
| Author: Zimdahl, R.L. and G. Foster. |
| Source: Weed Technology 7:146-149. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1993 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Yield loss assessment for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) infested with Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). |
| Author: Donald-William-W {a}; Khan-Mohammad. |
| Source: Weed-Science. 1992; 40 (4) 590-598. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: In eight of nine trials spanning 5 yr, relative yield of semidwarf hard red spring wheat (yield expressed as a percent of estimated weed-free yield) decreased linearly as Canada thistle shoot density increased when measured in late July to early August in the northern Great Plains. Differences between yield loss assessment (YLA) equations could not be distinguished statistically between no-tillage and chisel-plowed production systems. Multiple linear regression equations of relative wheat yield versus wheat density plus Canada thistle shoot density accounted for more variability in YLA equations than simple linear regression equations of wheat yield versus Canada thistle shoot density alone. Estimated weed-free wheat yield and negative slope (b) for yield loss assessment equations increased as cumulative growing-season (April to August) rainfall increased. Thus, relative wheat yield was decreased more by increasing Canada thistle density (slope b became more negative) in years of greater growing-season rainfall. |
| Title: Effectiveness and economics of repeated sequences of herbicides for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control in reduced-till spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). |
| Author: Donald, W.W. and T. Prato. |
| Source: Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72:599-618. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Efficacy and Economics of Herbicides for Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control in No-till Spring Wheat. |
| Author: Donald, William W. , Prato, Tony. |
| Source: Weed science. , APR 01 1992 v 40 n 2 , 233. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Host selection behavior of a thistle-feeding fly: choices and consequences. |
| Author: Lalonde, R.G. and B.D. Roitberg. |
| Source: Oecologia 90:534-539. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Effect of Urophora cardui (l.) (Diptera:Tephritidae) and Ceutorhynchus itura (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on the weed Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. |
| Author: Peschken, D.P. and J.L. Derby. |
| Source: Canadian Entomologist 124:145-150. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Developmental and environmental effects on assimilate partitioning in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense ). |
| Author: Tworkoski,-T. |
| Source: WEED-SCI. 1992. vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 79-85. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: Under field conditions, more photoassimilate moved to roots of Canada thistle at the bolt than at the bud, flower, or postflower stages. Similarly, greater photoassimilate accumulated in roots of Canada thistle in the greenhouse at the rosette and bolt than at the flower bud stage. Growth chamber experiments indicated that environmental conditions typical of fall, and possibly early spring, favored photoassimilate movement to the root and superseded growth stage control of assimilate partitioning. Allocation of assimilate within the root was strongly influenced by growth stage, with most assimilate being utilized for growth at the rosette stage and for fructan reserves in bolt and flower bud stages. |
| Title: Vegetation management guideline: Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.). |
| Author: Hutchison, M. |
| Source: Natural Areas Journal 12(3):160-161. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Developmental and environmental effects on assimilate partitioning in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). |
| Author: Tworkoski, T. |
| Source: Weed Science 40:79-85. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Flower visits to Cirsium and Carduus (abstract). |
| Author: Ellis, W.N. and A.C. Ellis-Adam. |
| Source: Entomologische Berichten (Amsterdam) 52:137-140. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Multiple stresses by insect and plant competition on growth and productivity of Canada thistle (insect competition, Cirsium arvense, Festuca arundinaceae, Coronilla varia, Cassida rubignosa). |
| Author: Ang., B.N. |
| Source: Ph.D. thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 168 p. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Herbicidal control of Cirsium arvense (L.)Scop. roots and shoots in no-till spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L ). |
| Author: Donald, W.W. |
| Source: Weed research. AUG 01 1992 v 32 n 4 259. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Field studies of seed predation in an introduced weedy thistle. |
| Author: Lalonde, R.G. and B.D. Roitberg. |
| Source: Oikos 65:363-370. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Herbicidal control of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. roots and shoots in no-till spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L). |
| Author: Donald, W.W. |
| Source: Weed Research 32:259-266. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Effect of Urophora cardui (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Ceutorhynchus litura (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on the weed Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. |
| Author: Peschken,-D.P.; Derby,-J.L. |
| Source: Cirsium arvenseN.-ENTOMOL. 1992. vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 145-150. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: Stress caused by two biocontrol agents on their weed host Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Asteraceae) was investigated. The combined attack of the gall-fly Urophora cardui (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the stem-mining weevil Ceutorhynchus litura (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) caused a significant reduction in the vigour of the attacked plants as measured by the number of live buds in the 1st year and by the dry weight of the roots in the 3rd year. The attacks did not significantly reduce the number of aborted buds, mature seed heads, and new shoots, nor the combined dry weight of the leaves, stems, and galls as compared with Canada thistle plants that had not been galled or mined, in any of the 3 years. Non-structural carbohydrate content of the roots of attacked shoots was found significantly reduced only at the end of the mining period. |
| Title: Fall-applied Herbicides for Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Root But Control in Reduced-till Spring Wheat. |
| Author: Donald, William W. |
| Source: Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science APR 01 1992 v 6 n 2 252. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1992 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Weedy thistles of the western United States. |
| Author: Dewey, S.A. |
| Source: p 249-253 in James, L.F., J.O. Evans, M.H. Ralphs, and R.D. Child, Ed.'s. Noxious range weeds. Westview Press. Boulder CO. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1991 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Distribution and dispersal of Urophora cardui (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Finland in 1985-1991. |
| Author: Jansson, A. |
| Source: Entomologica Fennica 2:211-216. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1991 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Fire and drought experiments in northern wetlands: a climate change analogue. |
| Author: Hogenbirk, J.C. and R.W. Wein. |
| Source: Canadian Journal of Botany 69:1991-1997. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1991 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Biological control of thistles. |
| Author: Rees, N.E. |
| Source: p 264-273 in James, L.F., J.O. Evans, M.H. Ralphs, and R.D. Child, Ed.'s. Noxious range weeds. Westview Press. Boulder CO. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1991 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Induction of systemic aecial infection in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense ) by teliospores of Puccinia punctiformis . |
| Author: French,-R.C.; Lightfield,-A.R. |
| Source: PHYTOPATHOLOGY. 1990. vol. 80, no. 9, pp. 872-877. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: Systemic aecial infections of secondary Canada thistle shoots were observed 4-6 weeks after inoculation of root cuttings with teliospores of Puccinia punctiformis . Pretreatment with a stimulatory thistle root extract sometimes increased infection. Inoculation of dormant buds was the most effective way to induce infection of root cuttings. Aqueous soil extracts from potted Canada thistle plants stimulated teliospore germination. The active component in the soil was soluble in hexane, volatile, and was similar in nature to the hexane extract of stream-distilled Canada thistle roots. Optimum temperature range for stimulated teliospore germination on 1% agar was 16-20 C at 7 days. |
| Title: Induction of systemic aecial infection in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense ) by teliospores of Puccinia punctiformis. |
| Author: French,-R.C.; Lightfield,-A.R. |
| Source: PHYTOPATHOLOGY. 1990. vol. 80, no. 9, pp. 872-877. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: Systemic aecial infections of secondary Canada thistle shoots were observed 4-6 weeks after inoculation of root cuttings with teliospores of Puccinia punctiformis . Pretreatment with a stimulatory thistle root extract sometimes increased infection. Inoculation of dormant buds was the most effective way to induce infection of root cuttings. Aqueous soil extracts from potted Canada thistle plants stimulated teliospore germination. The active component in the soil was soluble in hexane, volatile, and was similar in nature to the hexane extract of stream-distilled Canada thistle roots. Optimum temperature range for stimulated teliospore germination on 1% agar was 16-20 C at 7 days. |
| Title: Efficacy of five different formulations of clopyralid on Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. and Polygonu convolvulus L. |
| Author: Kloppenburg, D. J. Hall, J. Christopher. |
| Source: Weed research. AUG 01 1990 v 30 n 4 227. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The Effects of Supplemental Nitrogen on Shoot Production and Root Bud Dormancy of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) under Field Conditions. |
| Author: Nadeua, Leonie B. , Born, William H. Vanden. |
| Source: Weed science. , JUL 01 1990 v 38 n 4 / 5 , 379. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Establishment, dispersal, and influence of Ceutorhynchus litura on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense ) in the Gallatin Valley of Montana. |
| Author: Rees,-N.E. |
| Source: WEED-SCI. 1990. vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 198-200. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: Ceutorhynchus litura dispersed 9 km in 15 yr from its point of release in 1972 with incident of infestation of Canada thistle plants at one study site reaching 92% in 1987. Plants generally survived larval feeding in the spring, but holes created by departing larvae provided entrances for arthropods, nematodes, and diseases. Subsequent mortality rates were high for belowground Canada thistle shoots. However, the number of new shoots from underground roots the following spring usually offset the mortality that had been indirectly caused by C. litura . |
| Title: Management and control of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). |
| Author: Donald, W.W. |
| Source: Reviews of Weed Science 5:193-250. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1990 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: First-year response of a Phragmites marsh community to seasonal burning. |
| Author: Thompson, D.J. and J.M. Shay. |
| Source: Canadian Journal of Botany 67:1448-1455. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Wild-growing hosts of the cucumber mosaic virus (Abstract). |
| Author: Dikova, B. |
| Source: Rasteniev"dni Nauki 26(7):57-64. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Influence of bovine digestive tract on germination of diaspores of selected plant species. |
| Author: Lhotska, M. and M. Holub. |
| Source: Biologicia (Bratislava) 44:433-440. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The character of Cirsium arvense thickets. |
| Author: Mikhailova, N.F. and A.V. Tarasov. |
| Source: (Abstract). Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Leningrad) 74:509-514. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Cirsium arvense (L.) scopoli, Californian thistle (Asteraceae). |
| Author: Jessep, C.T. |
| Source: Chap. 60, pp 343-345 in tech. Common. Commonwealth Institiutes Biological Control (Wellingford, Oxon, UK). |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Resource limitation and offspring size and number trade-offs in Cirsium arvense (Asteraceae). |
| Author: Lalonde, R.G. and B.D. Roitberg. |
| Source: American Journal of Botany 76:1107-1111. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Resource partitioning in a guild of aphid species associated with creeping thistle Cirsium arvense . |
| Author: Voelkl,-W. |
| Source: ENTOMOL.-EXP.-APPL. 1989. vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 41-47. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: Four aphid species (Aphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis Scop., Brachycaudus cardui (L.), Capitophorus carduinus Walker and Uroleucon cirsii (L.)) feed on the creeping thistle Cirsium arvense . They utilize different parts of their host plant and at different times. A wide niche is typical of C. carduinus and U. cirsii , whereas A. f. cirsiiacanthoidis and B. cardui , show narrower but overlapping niches. Morphological features such as stylet length and body size as well as colony size and density are associated with the choice of feeding site. C. carduinus , the smallest species with the shortest stylets was able to use leaf veins and lamina, while the other species mainly used the stem and peduncles. Within this group, A. f. cirsiiacanthoidis and B. cardui are restricted to the upper part of the stem because of their short stylets, but adult U. cirsii , the species with the longest stylets, can also feed at the base of the stem. |
| Title: Resource partitioning in a guild of aphid species associated with creeping thistle Cirsium arvense. |
| Author: Voelkl,-W. |
| Source: ENTOMOL.-EXP.-APPL. 1989. vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 41-47. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1989 |
| Abstract: Four aphid species (Aphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis Scop., Brachycaudus cardui (L.), Capitophorus carduinus Walker and Uroleucon cirsii (L.)) feed on the creeping thistle Cirsium arvense . They utilize different parts of their host plant and at different times. A wide niche is typical of C. carduinus and U. cirsii , whereas A. f. cirsiiacanthoidis and B. cardui , show narrower but overlapping niches. Morphological features such as stylet length and body size as well as colony size and density are associated with the choice of feeding site. C. carduinus , the smallest species with the shortest stylets was able to use leaf veins and lamina, while the other species mainly used the stem and peduncles. Within this group, A. f. cirsiiacanthoidis and B. cardui are restricted to the upper part of the stem because of their short stylets, but adult U. cirsii , the species with the longest stylets, can also feed at the base of the stem. |
| Title: The root system of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.): nitrogen effects on root bud dormancy. |
| Author: Nadeau, L.B. |
| Source: Ph.D. thesis. University of Alberta (Canada). |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1988 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Response of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculata) to bentazon. |
| Author: Boerboom, C.M. and D.L. Wyse. |
| Source: Weed Science 36:250-253. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1988 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Freezing resistance of overwintering buds of four perennial weeds. |
| Author: Schimming, W.K. and C.G. Messersmith. |
| Source: Weed Science 36:568-573. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1988 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Glyphosate effects on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) roots, root buds, and shoots. |
| Author: Carlson, S.J. and W.W. Donald. |
| Source: Weed Research 28:37-45. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1988 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Influence of glyphosate concentration on glyphosate absorption and translocation in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). |
| Author: Boerboom, C.M. and D.L. Wyse. |
| Source: Weed Science 36:291-295. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1988 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Canada thistle biology and control. |
| Author: Haderlie, L.C., S. Dewey, and D. Kidder. |
| Source: Bulletin No. 666, University of Idaho Cooperative Extension Service. 7 p. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1987 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) propagation from stem sections. |
| Author: Magnusson, M.U., D.L. Wyse and J.M. Spitzmueller. |
| Source: Weed Science 35:637-639. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1987 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Glyphosate efficacy and induced biological responses in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) shoots, roots, and adventitious root buds; a washer for separating thickened roots from soil. |
| Author: Carlson, S.J. |
| Source: Ph.D. thesis. North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science. 127 p. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1987 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Host plant suitability of various clones of Canada thistle to gall induction and host selection by Urophora cardui (L.) (Diptera:Tephritidae), an introduced biological control agent. |
| Author: Littlefield, J.L. |
| Source: Ph.D. thesis. University of Wyoming. 112 p. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Field trials of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to control Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). |
| Author: Brosten, B.S. and D.C. Sands. |
| Source: Weed Science 34:377-380. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Effect of moisture on the emergence of Urophora cardui (L) (Diptera:Tephritidae) from its gall on Cirsium arvense (L). |
| Author: Rotheray, G.E. |
| Source: Entomological Gazette 37(1):41-44. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Behavior of weed seed in soil clods. |
| Author: Terpstra, R. |
| Source: Weed Science 34:889-895. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: A review of the impact and control of creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense L.) in grassland. |
| Author: Haggar, R.J., A.K. Oswald, and W.G. Richardson. |
| Source: Crop Protection 5:73-76. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Uptake of more important mineral components by commonfield weeds on loess soil. |
| Author: Malicki, L. and C. Berbeciowa. |
| Source: Acta Agrobotanica 39:129-142. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Fire ecology and management of plant communities of Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, southeastern Oregon. |
| Author: Young. R.C. |
| Source: PhD. thesis. 124 pp. Oregon State University. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1986 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Canada thistle response to prescribed burning (North Dakota). |
| Author: Smith, K.A. |
| Source: Restoration and Management Notes 3:87. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1985 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Canada thistle control with combinations of growth regulators and glyphosate or triclopyr. |
| Author: Tworkoski, J.J. and J.P. Sterrett. |
| Source: Proceedings of the Northeastern Weed Science Society 39:98. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1985 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Phytophagous insects associated with Canada thistle Cirsium arvense in southern Montana. |
| Author: Story, J.M., H. DeSmet-Moens, and W.L. Morrill. |
| Source: Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 58:472-478. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1985 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Predispersal seed predation of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). |
| Author: Forsyth, S.F. and A.K. Watson. |
| Source: Canadian Entomologist 117:1075-1082. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1985 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Some effects of humidity on the growth and development of Cirsium arvense. |
| Author: Hunter, J.H., A.I. Hsiao, and G.I. McIntyre. |
| Source: Botanical Gazette 146:483-488. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1985 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Hermaphrodites and subhermaphrodites in a reputedly dioecious plant, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.. |
| Author: Kay, Q.O.N. |
| Source: New Phytologist 100:457-472. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1985 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Stress inflicted by organisms on Canada thistle. |
| Author: Forsyth, S.F. and A.K. Watson. |
| Source: p. 425-431 in Delfosse, E.S., Ed., Proceedings Fourth International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, August 1984, Vancouver, Canada. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1985 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense): a literature review of management practices. |
| Author: Evans, J.E. |
| Source: Natural Areas Journal 4(2):11-21. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1984 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Effect of moisture stress on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control. |
| Author: Lauridson, T.C. R.G. Wilson, and L.C. Haderlie. |
| Source: Weed Science 31:674-680. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1983 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Stress physiology and biological weed control: a case study with Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.). |
| Author: Forsyth, S.F. |
| Source: Ph.D. thesis. McGill University (Canada). |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1983 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Dry weight costs and establishment of seeds and vegetative propagules. |
| Author: Bostock S.J. and R.A. Benton. |
| Source: Acta Oecologica/ Oecologia Plantarum 4(18):61-69. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1983 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Influence of environmental factors on root bud growth and development, and on assimilate and glyphosate translocation in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense. |
| Author: McAllister, R.S. |
| Source: Ph.D. thesis. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 116 p. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1982 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Integrated pest management techniques for the thistle suppression in pastures of North America. |
| Author: Trumble, J.T. and L.T. Kok. |
| Source: Weed Research 22:345-359. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1982 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Response of Canada thistle to herbicides. |
| Author: Marriage, P.B. |
| Source: in Canada thistle Symposium, Proceedings N.C. Weed Control Conference 36:162-167. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1981 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) root bud initiation, biology, and translocation of carbon-14 labeled glyphosate as influenced by nitrogen, temperature, photoperiod, and growth stage. |
| Author: Hoefer, R.H. |
| Source: Ph.D. thesis. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 82 p. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1981 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Biocontrol of Canada thistle Cirsium arvense: releases and effectiveness of Ceutorhynchus litura (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) in Canada. |
| Author: Peschken, D.P. and D.P. Wilkinson. |
| Source: Canadian Entomologist 107:1101-1110. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1981 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Mechanical, cultural and chemical control of Canada thistle in horticultural crops. |
| Author: Boldt, P.F. |
| Source: In Canada thistle Symposium, Proceedings N.C. Weed Control Conference 36:179-180. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1981 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Glyphosate uptake, translocation and distribution in quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) and Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.). |
| Author: Devine, M.D. |
| Source: Ph.D. thesis. University of Guelph (Canada). |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1981 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Allelopathic activity of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) in Colorado. |
| Author: Stachion, W.J. and R.L. Zimdahl. |
| Source: Weed Science 28:83-86. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1980 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Effect of drought stress on Canada thistle control. |
| Author: Lauridson, T.C., R.G. Wilson and L.C. Haderlie. |
| Source: Proceedings. N.C. Weed Control Conference 35:17. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1980 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The susceptibility of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) ecotypes to a rust pathogen (Puccinia obtegans). |
| Author: Turner, S., P.K. Fay, E.L. Sharp, B. Sallee, and D. Sands. |
| Source: Proceedings of the Western Weed Science Society 33:110-111. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1980 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Bentazon for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control in peppermint (Mentha piperita). |
| Author: Brewster, B.D. and C.E. Stanger. |
| Source: Weed Science 28:36-39. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1980 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Use of Canada thistle rust as a biological control agent. |
| Author: Osoki, K.L., P.K. Fay, B.K. Salley, E.L. Sharp, and D.C. Sands. |
| Source: Proceedings Western Weed Science Society 32:61. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1979 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Germination and seedling development of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). |
| Author: Wilson, R.G. |
| Source: Weed Science 27:146-151. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1979 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Periodicity of seedling emergence and achene survival in some species of Carduus, Cirsium and Onopordum. |
| Author: Roberts, H.A. and R.J. Chancellor. |
| Source: Journal of Applied Ecology 16:641-647. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1979 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Response of Canada thistle varieties to amitrole and glyphosate. |
| Author: Saidak, W.J. and P.B. Marriage. |
| Source: Canadian Journal of Plant Science 56:211-214. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1976 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Sexual dimorphism in Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. |
| Author: Lloyd, D. and A.J. Myall. |
| Source: Annals of Botany 40:115-123. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1976 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: An annotated list of insects associated with Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) in Canada. |
| Author: Maw, M.G. |
| Source: Canadian Entomologist 108:235-244. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1976 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Absorption, action, and translocation of radioactive glyphosate. |
| Author: Sprankle, O., W.F. Meggitt and D. Penner. |
| Source: Weed Science 23:235-240. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1975 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The biology of Canadian weeds. 13:Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. |
| Author: Moore, R.J. |
| Source: Canadian Journal of Plant Science 55:1033-1048. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1975 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Biology of the flea beetle, Altica carduorum (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) in South Dakota. |
| Author: Schaber, B.D., E.V. Balsbaugh and B.H. Kantack. |
| Source: Entomophaga 20:325-335. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1975 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The thistles of Canada. |
| Author: Moore, R.J. and C. Frankton. |
| Source: Research Branch Canada Department of Agriculture. Monograph No. 10. Ottawa, Canada. 111 p. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1974 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Distribution and seed production of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. in Victoria, Australia. |
| Author: Amor, R.L. and R.V. Harris. |
| Source: Weed Research 14:317-323. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1974 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Environmental and herbicide effects on Canada thistle ecotypes (Cirsium arvense). |
| Author: Hunter, J.H. and L.W. Smith. |
| Source: Weed Science 20:163-167. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1972 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Canada thistle (Compositae). |
| Author: Peschken, D.P. |
| Source: Commonwealth Institute Biological Control, Technical Communication 4:79-83. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1971 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Releases of Altica carduorum (Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera) against the weed Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) in Canada. |
| Author: Peschken, D.P., H.A. Friesen, N.V. Tonks and F.L. Barnham. |
| Source: Canadian Entomologist 102:264-271. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1970 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The response of Canada thistle ecotypes to 2,4-D, amitrole, and intensive cultivation. |
| Author: Hodgson, J.M. |
| Source: Weed Science 18:253-255. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1970 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The nature, ecology, and control of Canada thistle. |
| Author: Hodgson, J.M. |
| Source: U.S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 1386. 32pp. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1968 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Growth hormones and the creeping thistle rust. |
| Author: Bailiss, K.W. and I.M. Wilson. |
| Source: Annals of Botany (London) 31:195-211. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1967 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Variations in ecotypes of Canada thistle. |
| Author: Hodgson, J.M. |
| Source: Weeds 12:167-171. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1964 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Vegetation and soil comparisons among three areas: mowed, relict, and moderately grazed. |
| Author: Ankle, D. D. |
| Source: M.S. thesis, Fort Hays Kansas State College, Fort Hays, KS. 45 pp. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1963 |
| Abstract: N |
| Title: Germination of buried and dry stored seeds,. III. |
| Author: Madsen, S.B. |
| Source: 1934-1960. Proceedings of the International Seed Testing Association 27:920-928. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1962 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: A comparative life-history study of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. and Tussilago farfara (L.), the most troublesome weeds in the newly reclaimed polders of the former Zuiderzee. |
| Author: Bakker, D. |
| Source: P. 205-222 in J. L. Harper, Ed., The Biology of Weeds, Symp. No. 1, British Ecology Society. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, England. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1960 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Control Canada thistle for greater profits. |
| Author: McKay, H.C., P. Ames, J.M. Hodgson, and L.C. Erickson. |
| Source: Idaho Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin 321. 14 p. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1959 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Canada thistle-spotlight on a troublesome weed. |
| Author: Linck, A.J. and T. Kommendahl. |
| Source: Minnesota Farm and Home Science 15:21-22. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1958 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Some effects of different intensities of grazing on mixed prairies near Hays, Kansas. |
| Author: Tomarek, G.W. and F. W. Albertson. |
| Source: Journal of Range Management 6:299-306. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1953 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Controlling perennial weeds with tillage. |
| Author: Seely, C.I. |
| Source: Idaho Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin 288. 43 p. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1952 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: An ecological study of the prairie and pasture lands in Douglas & Franklin Counties, Kansas. |
| Author: Hetzer, W.A. and R.L. McGregor. |
| Source: Kansas Academy of Science Transactions 54:356-369. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1951 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Final results of the Duval buried seed experiment. |
| Author: Toole, E.H. and E. Brown. |
| Source: Journal of Agricultural Research 72:201-210. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1946 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Eradicating Canada thistle. |
| Author: Willard, C.J. and R.D. Lewis. |
| Source: Ohio State University Agricultual College Extension Service 146. 8 pp. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1939 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The winterhardiness of weeds. |
| Author: Dexter, S.T. |
| Source: Journal of the American Society of Agronomy 29:507-528. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1937 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Idaho perennial weeds. Their description and control. |
| Author: Spence, H.L. and H.W. Hurlbert. |
| Source: University of Idaho College of Agriculture Extension Bulletin 98. 30 pp. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1935 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Distribution and reproduction of Canada thistle in Iowa. |
| Author: Hayden, A. |
| Source: American Journal of Botany 21:355-373. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1934 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Variations in the organic reserves in underground parts of five perennial weeds from late April to November. |
| Author: Arny, A.C. |
| Source: Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin 84. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1932 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Organic food reserves in relation to the eradication of Canada thistle. |
| Author: Welton, F.A., V.H. Morris, and A.J. Hartzler. |
| Source: Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 441. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1929 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Canada thistle and Russian knapweed and their control. |
| Author: Rogers, C.F. |
| Source: Colorado Agricultural College Colorado Experiment Station. Fort Collins. Bulletin 348. 44 p. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1928 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Uses of plants by the Chippewa Indians. |
| Author: Densmore, F. |
| Source: pp 275-397 in the Forty-fourth annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1926-1927, originally published by the US Government Printing Office, Washington, 1928, and reprinted 1974 as How Indians use |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 1928 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: The dissemination of weed seeds by irrigation water in Alberta. |
| Author: Hope, A. |
| Source: Scientific Agriculture 7:268-276. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1927 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense Tourn.), field thistle, creeping thistle. |
| Author: Detmers, F. |
| Source: Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 414. 45 p. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1927 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Canada thistle and methods of eradication. U.S.D.A. |
| Author: Hansen, A.A. |
| Source: Farmers Bulletin 1002. 15 p. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1918 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: A review of North American tortoise beetles. |
| Author: Barber, H.S. |
| Source: Proceedings Entomological Society of Washington 18:113-127. |
| Source Type: Paper |
| Publication Date: 1916 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: California thistle rust. |
| Author: Cockayne, A.H. |
| Source: Journal of Agriculture 12:300-302. |
| Source Type: Journal |
| Publication Date: 1915 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Controlling Canada thistles. |
| Author: Cox, H.R. |
| Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture. Farmers' Bulletin 545. 14 p. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1913 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Canada thistle and its eradication. |
| Author: Johnson, A.G. |
| Source: Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station, Circular No. 32. Lafayette IN. 12 p. |
| Source Type: Report |
| Publication Date: 1912 |
| Abstract: NA |
| Title: Absorption, translocation and metabolism of chlorsulfuron and the effects of herbicide - growth regulator combinations on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control. |
| Author: Peterson, P.J. |
| Source: Ph.D. thesis. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 75 p. |
| Source Type: Book |
| Publication Date: 0 |
| Abstract: NA |
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